Gravity
Physical pull of objects to other objects
-discovered by Newton
Annul
Cancel or invalidate
Patron
Person who provides financial support for the arts
Perspective
Artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3D effect
Theocracy
Government run by religious leaders
Ex: Geneva
Heliocentric
Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
Humanism
Intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on sorely subjects rather than religious issues
Indulgence
Pardon from sins committed during a persons lifetime
-grants release from Purgatory
Predestination
Idea that God long ago determined who will gain salvation
Recant
Give up on ones views or beliefs
John Calvin (3)
- supported predestination and theocratic government
- created Calvinism
- Geneva= community based on Calvin’s teachings
Henry VIII (4)
- English King
- Eight wives
- was against the Reformation at first
- converted himself and all of England to Protestant when he pope refused to annul his marriage
Leonardo da Vinci (2)
- artist, engineer, musician, and architect
- famous works- Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The Flying Machine
Niccolo Machiavelli
-wrote “The Prince”, describing how leaders should rule
Lorenzo de Medici (1)
-patron of the arts
Copernicus (2)
-proposed the heliocentric theory
Heliocentric theory- the sun is the center of universe
- published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Sphere”
Martin Luther (4)
- spoke out against church corruption
- wrote the 95 theses
- excommunicated by the church
- created Lutheransim
Albrecht Durer (2)
- painter and engraver
- helped spread the a Renaissance to Northern Europe
Newton (3)
- discovered the theory of gravity, which helped explain the movement of the planets and other celestial bodies
- 3 laws of motion
- said all movement in the universe can be explained using math
Why did Galileo withdraw his theories about the Earth’s rotation?
The Inquisition threatened to execute
What effect does the printing press have on Europe? (3)
- printing books become cheaper and easier to produce (more people able to read)
- Europeans gained access to new ideas
- Presses contributed to religious turmoil, which leads to the Reformation
Reasons the Renaissance began in Italy (3)
-visible reminders of Ancient Rome
(Architecture, statues, coins, inscriptions)
-located on the ocean shore
-Florence, Milan, and Venice grew into prosperous areas of trade and manufacturing
What was Elizabeth’s religious policy during her reign?
After a series of reforms, she cautiously allowed the practice of Catholic faith along with Protestant religion
What did Renaissance artists focus on? (2)
- Individuals rather than religion
- worldly ideas
