The Working Memory Model

Question 1

What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe?

Answer 1

Memory is not just one store but multiple stores

Question 2

What did Baddeley and Hitch (197) focus on long term memory or short term memory?

Answer 2

Short term memory

Question 3

What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe about the STM?

Answer 3

That it is a unitary store

Question 4

What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe about the LTM?

Answer 4

More passive store that hold previous learned materials for the use by the STM when needed

Question 5

What is the working memory model (WMM)?

Answer 5

• Explanation of how STM is organised and how it function

- Works its the active mind

Question 6

Who proposed the working memory model?

Answer 6

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

Question 7

What are the four different stores of the working memory model?

Answer 7

• Centra executive
• Episodic buffer
• Visuo-spatial sketchpad
• Phonological loop
• Long-term memory

Question 8

What is another name for ‘store’ in the working memory model?

Answer 8

Slave system

Question 9

What is the 1st slave system?

Answer 9

Phonological loop

Question 10

What is the 2nd slave system?

Answer 10

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 11

What is the 3rd slave system?

Answer 11

Episodic buffer

Question 12

What is the main purpose of the central executive?

Answer 12

• Receive info from the slave systems and long terms memory and perception
• Then sift, sort and combine this info until decision reached
• Reasoning and decision making

Question 13

What is the main purpose of the phonological loop?

Answer 13

To hold and rehearse any words that are currently being considered

Question 14

What is the phonological loop also know as?

Answer 14

Inner ear

Question 15

What does the phonological loop consist of?

Answer 15

• Phonological store

- Articulatory process

Question 16

What is the purpose of the phonological store?

Answer 16

-Store the words you hear

Question 17

What is the purpose of the articulatory process?

Answer 17

Allows the mainlanders rehearsal (repeating sounds in the MWW in order to keep them)

Question 18

What is the main purpose of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 18

To hold static images and to manipulate them

Question 19

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad also know as?

Answer 19

Inner eye

Question 20

What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad divided into?

Answer 20

• Visual cache

- Inner scribe

Question 21

What is the purpose of the visual cache in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 21

Stores visual data

Question 22

What is the purpose of the inner scribe in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 22

Records arrangement of objects in the visual field

Question 23

What is the main purpose of the episodic buffer?

Answer 23

• Temportay store for information received yet he central executive -Maintain a sense of time frequency
• Link to the LTM to wider cognitive processes

Question 24

What is the capacity of the central executive?

Answer 24

Limited

Question 25

What is the coding of central executive?

Answer 25

-Modality free

Question 26

What is the capacity of the phonological loop?

Answer 26

2 seconds’ worth of information

Question 27

What is the coding of the phonological loop?

Answer 27

Acoustic

Question 28

What is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 28

3-4 objects

Question 29

What is the coding of the visua-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 29

Visual

Question 30

What is the capacity of the episodic buffer?

Answer 30

Limited - about 4 chunks

Question 31

What is the coding of the episodic buffer?

Answer 31

Modality free

Question 32

What did Shallice and Warrington (1970) do?

Answer 32

- Case study - Patient KF - Poor STM ability for verbal info - Could process visual info normally

Question 33

What did Shallice and Warrington (1970) conclude?

Answer 33

- Phonological loop had been damaged | - Suggest separate visual and acoustic stores

Question 34

What is the disadvantage of case studies?

Answer 34

Unique cases of patients who have had a traumatic experience

Question 35

What store does Baddeley et al (1975) support?

Answer 35

Visual-spatial sketchpad

Question 36

What did Baddeley et al (1975) find?

Answer 36

Found participants had more difficulty doing two visual tasks than doing a visual and verbal task at the same time

Question 37

What did Baddeley et al (1975) suggest why it is harder to complete two visual tasks at the time?

Answer 37

-Due their being limited recourses but when doing a visual and verbal task at the same time there is no competition so there is evidence of visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 38

Why is there a lack of clarity of the central executive a limitation?

Answer 38

As not enough explanation on its specific job, WMM isn’t fully explained

Question 39

Does the work of Baddeley et al (1975) support the phonological loop as well as the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

How does Baddeley et al (1975) research support the phonological loop?

Answer 40

People have difficulty remembering a list of long words due to the limited capacity for rehearsal in the articulatory process but disappears if a person is given a repetitive task (Word length is important)

Question 41

Is the WMM supported by cognitive psychologists?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Does brain scanning studies support the WMM?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Who studied into the working memory model using brain scanning techniques?

Answer 43

Bravel et al (1997)

Question 44

What did Braver et al (1997) do?

Answer 44

Prefrontal cortex increased in activity when task became harder showing the central executive increase in in activity