Theme 7 - Social Development Issues

Question 1

What 7 factors go into social development?

Answer 1

• Life expectancy
• Literacy rates
• The number of people per doctor
• Average food consumption
• The number of homeless people
• Deaths from unsafe water and sanitation
• The infant mortality rate

Question 2

What 5 factors that give indication of gender equality?

Answer 2

• Male and female literacy rates
• Fertility rate
• male and female life expectancy
• male and female food consumption
• employment type

Question 3

What is the gender inequality index (GII)?

Answer 3

A measure of gender inequalities in 3 key aspects of human development -

• reproductive health
• empowerment
• economic status

Question 4

What 5 factors are taken into consideration in regards to health of a countries population?

Answer 4

• average life expectancy
• infant mortality rate
• percentage of GDP spent on healthcare
• length of hospital waiting lists and times
• mortality rate of specific health conditions such as cancer and heart disease

Question 5

What is meant by the continuum of social development?

Answer 5

A way of thinking about social development as a continuous process that does not have an end point

Question 6

What is the development gap?

Answer 6

A gap that exists in measurement of development between the worlds richest and poorest countries

Question 7

What is the human development index and why is it commonly used?

Answer 7

Measurement of a countries progress across-

• average length of schooling
• literacy rates
• GNI per capita
• life expectancy

It is used because it takes into account social and economic factors, so is generally more reliable.

Question 8

What 2 factors effect population growth?

Answer 8

It depends on the balance between birth rates and death rates.

Question 9

5 factors that lead to higher birth rates?

Answer 9

• Children provide labour on farms and security for old age (e)
• Large families are seen as a sign of virtility (s)
• Girls may marry early, hence extending child-bearing years (s)
• Women may lack education and stay at home to raise a family than go to work (s)
• A high infant mortality rate encourages larger families to ensure survival of some children (s)

Question 10

5 factors that lead to lower birth rates?

Answer 10

• People tend to marry later and therefore have reduced child-bearing years (s)
• Women are educated and often follow careers which delay or prevent them from starting families (P)
• The high cost of living means it is expensive to raise children (E)
• Couples prefer to spend money on material things such as holidays and cars (E)
• Birth control is readily available (p)

Question 11

2 factors that lead to higher death rates?

Answer 11

• HIV, Ebola and other difficult to control diseases are having an impact on death rates in LICS (s)
• In HICs the increasingly higher proportion of elderly people in ageing societies is leading to an increase in death rates

Question 12

5 factors that lead to lower death rates?

Answer 12

• Better healthcare and vaccination programmes are more available to people (p)
• Less physically demanding jobs put less stress on people physically (s)
• People are educated about health and hygiene (p)
• Water supplies are more reliable and cleaner (p)
• There is more sanitary disposal of waste (p)

Question 13

Where in the world is the highest proportion of child labourers?

Answer 13

Sub-saharan Africa
Many young children work on farms, such as cotten, coffee and cocoa.
It is important to buy fairtrade!

Question 14

What is child labour?

Answer 14

Work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity.

Question 15

Causes and consequences of child labour?

Answer 15

• Poverty means children are expected to make an income
• Lack of access or affordability for good education
• Unemployed parents
• Growth deficiency and malnutrition
• 22,000 children die in work related accidents yearly

Question 16

Who are the ILO and what do they do?

Answer 16

International Labour Organisation
They collect data from differnt countries to use as a bench mark and set goals around, they do this by -
- Improving education systems
- Creating more trade unions to prevent children having to work
- Improving social security systems
- Increasing public awareness on the issue

Question 17

What 2 goals has the UN millenium development goal set?

Answer 17

• increase primary school enrolment from 83% in 2000 to 91% in 2015 for developing countries
• halve the number of children not attending school gloablly

Question 18

What is the caste system?

Answer 18

An Indian class system which involves determining social class by the one you were born into.

Question 19

The 2 main classes of people who migrate?

Answer 19

Economic migrants (pull factors) and asylum seekers (push factors)

Question 20

What are economic migrants?

Answer 20

People with the hope of earning more money elsewhere.

Question 21

What are pull factors?

Answer 21

Factors that attract people to a place.

Question 22

What are push factors?

Answer 22

Factors that make people want to leave a place.

Question 23

What are asylum seekers?

Answer 23

People who haveapplied for legal recognition as refugees in another country and are wating for a decision.

Question 24

What are international refugees?

Answer 24

People who are forced to leave where they live and move to another country

Question 25

How have some European governments reacted to the influx of refugees?

Answer 25

- Germany and Sweden see the refugees as victims and have welcomed them to their countries and help them reintergrate into their societies - Austria is trying to limit the number of refugees to 80 per day - The UK has agreed to acept 20,000 refugees from Syria by 2020 and it will accept more unaccompanied Syrain child refugees.

Question 26

What is the Schengen agreement?

Answer 26

An EU agreement where by border chekcs between some member states have largely been removed.

Question 27

What are the reasons for high infant mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 27

- Neonatal infections (disease from giving birth) - Around 10% of death in early childhood are from diarrhoea - The lack of skilled birth attendants leads to many children dying at birth - Lack of mosquito nets and vaccinations top stop preventable diseases

Question 28

What are the 2 most common diseases in sub-saharan Africa?

Answer 28

Malaria and HIV

Question 29

What is Malaria?

Answer 29

A serious tropical disease which is left untreated can be fatal, symptoms include fever, headaches, vomiting and muscle pain. Spread by mosquito bites, of the parasite Plasmodium.

Question 30

What is HIV?

Answer 30

Human immunodefeciency virus is a virus that attacks the immune system and weakens its ability to fight infections. If left untreated, it can lead to AIDS

Question 31

What are AIDS?

Answer 31

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome is the final stage of HIV infection, and can lead to death.

Question 32

What is the top-down approach +advantages/disadvantages?

Answer 32

- Decisions are made at a government level and usually involve a high cost. Communities are likely to be affected by the decisions and have little say as to what is done. Advantage - they may be apart of a strategic plan which aims to develop the countries infracstructure of the country. Disadvantage - they frequently lead the country into debt and the jobs that are created are often not for the local community.

Question 33

What is the bottom-up approach + advantages/disadvantages?

Answer 33

- Decisions that are made by the local communities that they will affect. They try to help communities by helping them to help themselves. Advantage - They are small scale and cost less, are more sustainable and usually meet the needs for the local community better Disadvantage - not as well funded and may take longer to organise as many people who run these projects have other jobs aswell.

Question 34

What are the 5 MDG goals? | HEWCM

Answer 34

``` 1 - eradicate extreme hunger and poverty 2 - achieve universal primary education 3 - promote gender equality and empower women 4 - reduce child mortality 5 - reduce maternal mortality huge elephants will crush mammals ```