1
Q
What is the big bang theory
A
- Scientific explanation for the origins of the universe.
- Universe began from a singular point that expanded rapidly
2
Q
What is the theory of evolution
A
- Explains the existence of life.
- Over a period of billions of years new species have evolved as a result of genetic mutations and natural selection
3
Q
Explain two Buddhist views about the origins of the universe
A
- buddhists would accept current scientific thinking
- buddhists do not focus on a creator
4
Q
Give a quote on Buddhist views about the origins of the universe
A
“For there is no Brahma God” - Buddhaghosa
5
Q
Explain fundamentalist Christian views about the origins of the universe
A
- creation story is what literally happened
- the bible is the direct word of god and thus is not wrong
- reject science
6
Q
Explain conservative Christian views about the originsof the universe
A
- bible is inspired by the word of god and written by humans thus may not be exactly true
- their views may align with science
7
Q
Explain liberal Christian views about the origins of the universe
A
- accept science
- the creation story is metaphorical, symbolising god’s power and love
- the word ‘yom’ also means a period of time
8
Q
Give a quote about Christian views on the origin of the universe
A
“and god formed man from the dust in the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life”
9
Q
What is the definition of owe and wonder
A
feeling of amazement at the complexity and beauty of the world
10
Q
state two reasons why Christians might experience feelings of awe and wonder when looking at the world
A
- they cannot comprehend how the world was a result of an accidental explosion
- the world is complex
11
Q
Define stewardship
A
the duty of humans to look after the world on behalf of God
12
Q
Define dominion
A
to have rule or control over something
13
Q
Explain two reasons why Christians believe we should look after the world
A
- Francis of Assissi argued that the earth is a gift from God and we should appreciate this gift
- the Earth is God’s so we should respect it
14
Q
Give a quote that shows Christians should look after the world
A
- ‘The Earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it’
15
Q
Explain two reasons why Christians believe we have the right to do as we please with the world
A
- god has given us free will thus we can do as we please
- Jesus showed his power of the environment and other creatures by cursing the fig tree
16
Q
Give a quote that show dominion
A
‘Rule over the fish of the sea…and over every living creature’
17
Q
Give two ways Christian teachings on stewardship influence Christians today
A
- support charities such as Operation Noah
- reduce, reuse, recycle
18
Q
Explain two reasons why Buddhists believe we should look after the world
A
- 1st moral precept is ahimsa ‘do no harm’ and this includes no harm to the environment
- 8 fold path - right action. Abusing the environment is an unskilful action - prevents buddhists from reaching enlightenment
19
Q
Give two ways Buddhist teachings about the world influence Buddhists today
A
- use the earth’s natural resources sparingly (avoid greed)
- reduce, reuse, recycle
20
Q
Give two quotes on why Christians should be vegetarians
A
- ‘the righteous care for the need of their animals’
- ‘to the lord belongs the earth and everything in it’
21
Q
Give two reasons why Christians should not be vegetarians (include a quote)
A
- jesus ate fish and probably meat as well
- ‘everything that lives and moves will be food for you’
22
Q
give a reason why Buddhists should be vegetarians
A
- the Lankavatara Sutra and Mahaparinirvana Sutra state that the Buddha insisted his followers should not eat any meat or fish
23
Q
give a reason why buddhists may not be vegetarians
A
- monks eat meat but only if it is given to them and they have not been involved in the rearing or slaughtering the animal
24
Q
give two reasons why christians should not use animals for experimental purposes (include a quote)
A
- ‘every act of human irresponsibility towards creatures is an abomination’
- Noah’s Ark shows god clearly cares for animals as he asked Noah to take the animals on board
25
give two reasons why christians may use animals for experimental purposes (include a quote)
- animals were not made in the image of god like humans and arguably don't have a soul
- 'Rule over the fish in the sea ... and every living creature'
26
give two reasons why Buddhists should not use animals for experimental purposes (include a quote)
- 1st moral precept ahimsa (do no harm)
- Dhammapada 'one should not kill or cause to kill'
27
give two non-religious attitude for the use of animals for for food/experimentation
- Immanuel Kant argues that animals are lower than us as they do not possess the ability to reason and thus we can use animals
- utilitarianism- the greatest good for the greatest number- testing on animals can save many human lives e.g vaccines
28
give a non religious attitude against the use of animals for food/experimentation
Peter Singer: Argues that animals have rights. Anyone who regards animals as lower than us are being 'speciest'
29
define abortion
the deliberate termination of a pregnancy and the expulsion of the foetus from the womb
30
define the sanctity of life
all life is sacred as it is created and loved by god
31
define the quality of life
the general wellbeing of a person in relation to their health and happiness
32
explain two reasons why christians may allow abortion (refer to denominations)
- according to the RCC abortion can be justified if the mother's life is at risk
- CofE and Methodists may accept abortion if it is the 'lesser of two evils' (rape, mother unable to cope financially/mentally)
33
explain two reasons why christians may not allow abortion (refer to denominations)
- Roman Catholics believe life begins at conception and so abortion is murder
- only god has the right to decide when life ends; god gave life and only god can take it away
34
give two christian quotes against abortion
- 'before i formed you in the womb, i knew you'
- i kill and i make alive'
35
what is the doctrine of double effect
Recognises that an action has two effects, a good and bad effect. If only the good effect is intended then the bad effect is morally permissible.
36
explain two reasons why buddhists may allow abortion
- some may think that abortion is sometimes the most compassionate thing to do
- abortion can be justified if its has right intention (8-fold path)
37
explain two reasons why buddhists may not allow abortion
- abortion is generally seen as unskilful which does not lead to enlightenment
- some believe the conscious life starts at conception; rebirth takes place at conception
38
give a buddhist quote against abortion
the Dalai Lama - 'abortion is the same as taking the life of a living being and as such is not a just action'
39
define euthanasia
the deliberate ending of someone's life for compassionate reasons
40
what is the UK Law on euthanasia
june 2025 - MPs backed assisted dying
41
explain two reasons why christians may allow euthanasia
- jesus did not want people to suffer; he healed the paralysed man
- CofE supports passive euthanasia (ending treatment) believing that doctors don't have an overriding obligation to prolong life by all means possible
42
explain two reasons why christians may not allow euthanasia
- slippery slope argument - If euthanasia was legalised it would become difficult to safeguard
- hospice movement and palliative care is an appropriate alternative to euthanasia that reduces suffering
43
give a christian quote to support euthanasia
'a time to kill and a time to heal'
44
give two christian quotes against euthanasia
- old testament ‘thou shall not kill’
- Pope Benedict - 'euthanasia is a false solution to the drama of suffering'
45
explain two reasons why buddhists may allow euthanasia
- guiding principle is to reduce suffering; every situation must be judged seperatly
- karuna (compassion) & metta (loving kindness)
46
give a buddhist quote that can be used to support euthanasia
the Dalai Lama said 'where a person is definitely going to die, and keeping them alive leads to more suffering, then termination of life is permitted'
47
explain two reasons why buddhists may not allow euthanasia
- the first precept is to help others not hurt others
- hospices which help people face death are supported by Buddhists
48
explain buddhist beliefs about the afterlife
- they have a cyclical view of life
- the Tibetan Wheel of Life - shows continual cycle of birth, death and rebirth (samsara) and how a person's actions create the conditions for their future happiness and suffering
49
what is anicca
impermanence - life is impermanent/everything changes
50
what is anatta
there is no fixed self or soul - your energy is reborn
51
explain two christian beliefs about the afterlife
- christians believe that when people die God judges whether they should go to heaven or hell
- the Catholic Church believe in purgatory - where souls undergo purification in order to achieve the holiness necassary to enter heaven
52
give a christian quote on heaven
'he will wipe every tear from their eyes'
53
give a christian quote on hell
'there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth'
54
explain two reasons why athiests may not believe in the afterlife (include a quote)
- there is no hard evidence for the existence of the soul
- Bertrand Russell said ' when i die, i shall rot and nothing of my ego will survive'
55
explain why the resurrection may not prove that there is life after death
there are discrepancies in accounts and the scriptures were written 1000s of years ago
56
explain two reasons why atheists think religious people believe in the afterlife
Sigmund Freud believes religion is an 'obsessional neurosis'
- belief in the afterlife is just wishful thinking
- source of comfort in the face of death
TP
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
