What is a theory, as classically defined?
a) A set of propositions that have been proved and no longer need to be tested
b) A set of propositions about relationships, from which deductions can be drawn
c) A pictorial or graphic schema that does not involve the use of words
d) Propositions from which inductive reasoning about the nature of some part of reality can be done
b) A set of propositions about relationships, from which deductions can be drawn
Every nursing study has a:
a) conceptual model.
b) theory.
c) conceptual map.
d) framework.
d) framework.
What are the basic elements of both theories and conceptual models?
a) Concepts
b) Conceptual definitions
c) Frameworks
d) Hypotheses
a) Concepts
Which statement is not true?
a) Both theories and conceptual models can be used to derive hypotheses.
b) Both theories and conceptual models have a formal set of explanatory propositions.
c) Both theories and conceptual models are invented by humans.
d) Both theories and conceptual models are tentative in nature.
b) Both theories and conceptual models have a formal set of explanatory propositions.
Schematic models:
a) have a minimal use of words.
b) are used primarily in quantitative research.
c) are the same as frameworks.
d) are used primarily in qualitative research.
a) have a minimal use of words.
Which statement is true?
a) Qualitative researchers do not use conceptual models of nursing as an organizational structure.
b) Theory development is a deductive process.
c) Qualitative researchers often develop substantive theories inductively based on actual observations.
d) Conceptual models are more tightly structured explanations of phenomena than theories.
c) Qualitative researchers often develop substantive theories inductively based on actual observations.
Which is not one of the four concepts central to models of nursing?
a) Environment
b) Nursing
c) Health
d) Adaptation
d) Adaptation
Which conceptual model of nursing constitutes a formal explanation of what nursing is?
a) Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory
b) Roy’s Adaptation Model
c) The Transtheoretical Model
d) Pender’s Health Promotion Model
b) Roy’s Adaptation Model
What type of theory is the Uncertainty in Illness Theory?
a) A borrowed theory
b) A middle-range theory
c) A descriptive theory
d) A grand theory
b) A middle-range theory
Which theory or model invokes “stages of change” as a key construct?
a) Social Cognitive Theory
b) The Health Belief Model
c) The Transtheoretical Model
d) The Theory of Planned Behavior
c) The Transtheoretical Model
Which statement is true?
a) Nursing interventions are pragmatic and therefore not theory-based.
b) Most nursing studies that use a theory of nursing as their framework involve formal tests of that theory.
c) A key construct from Social Cognitive Theory is self-efficacy.
d) The Health Belief Model focuses on the link between people’s intentions and their actual behavior.
c) A key construct from Social Cognitive Theory is self-efficacy.
Which statement is true?
(a) In a grounded theory study of people’s adaptation to the death of a spouse, the theory would be a substantive theory.
b) Qualitative researchers sometimes test hypotheses derived from shared theories.
c) Grounded theories are borrowed theories.
d) In a grounded theory study, a theory of decision-making for long-term care of a family member would be a materialistic theory.
(a) In a grounded theory study of people’s adaptation to the death of a spouse, the theory would be a substantive theory.
