There is no Planet B

Question 1

evidence sythesis

Answer 1

bringing infomation from a variety of disciplines and sources to inform debates and decisions
- provides confidence

Question 2

expert elicitation

Answer 2

• synthesis of opinions, mimimise bias

- used when data is complex or unattainable

Question 3

biodiversities contributions to sustainable development

Answer 3

• ecosystem, species and genes directly deliver benefits that may help with SDG
• effects of diversity, abundance and composition of biodiversity of benefits
• negative impacts and trade-offs between different benefits

Question 4

sustainable development

Answer 4

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

• more humans than earth has capacity for - need equitable and reduced consumption of environmental resources - circular economy might help
• focused on all areas of the world

Question 5

biodiversity

Answer 5

the variability among living organisms

• diversity within and between species, and of ecosystems
• a global entity - broken into ecosystems, species and genes (all characterised by diversity, abundance and composition)

Question 6

ecosystems

Answer 6

• contribute to povery alleviation and ending hunger (imporves nutrition and production, crops and tourism make money)
• reduces disease
• improves mental wellbeing
• forests, wetlands etc. remove CO2 from air (mixed species forests remove more)
• forests provide physical protection from disasters
• erosion control, enhance water quality and reduce flooding
• reefs reduce wave size and damage
• increase tourism
• protection of ecosystems = jobs

Question 7

species

Answer 7

• reduce povery and hunger
• soil organisms increase productivity
• diversity of pollenators
• predators that reduce pests
• edible wild plants may be developed and matched to environmental change
• microbiotica helps immune system
• provide medicines and vitamins
• bird song imporves wellveing
• trees reduce dust
• ivy reduces energy consumption
• fungi, algae, plants reduce heavy metals in water

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

• maintain productivity and sustainability of marine ecosystems - reduce povery and hunger
• genetic diversity enhances resilience
• crop breeding and improvement

Question 9

spatial and temporal scales

Answer 9

• short and long term, small and large scale

Question 10

indirect contributions to biodiversity

Answer 10

• quality education, gender equality, reduced inequalities, peace justice and strong institutions, partnership
• by improving water, food etc. other things are improved

Question 11

none of the Aichi targets will be fully met

Answer 11

• 34% on track
• 51% in progress but not fast enough
• 11% no progress

national targets are generally poorly aligned to aichi

Question 12

Aichi facts

Answer 12

100 countries have made biodiversity a value

• deforestration has fallen by a third
• marine stocks have been maintained or improved
• dealing with invasive species on islands
• 10-15% protected land and 3-7% marine
• reduced extinctions
• more people know about biodiversity

Question 13

improvements

Answer 13

• more understanding, planning and implementation by goverments
• well designed, understandable goals

Question 14

goal A

Answer 14

mainstream biodiversity

Question 15

goal B

Answer 15

reduce pressures, begin sustainable usage (fisheries, pollution from research stations)

Question 16

goal C

Answer 16

safeguard ecosystems (protected regions, record extinctions)

Question 17

goal D

Answer 17

enhance benefits from biodiversity (southern ocean sequesteres CO2)

Question 18

goal E

Answer 18

enhance implementation