Thermal

Question 1

What is internal energy?

Answer 1

Sum of the potential and kinetic energies of a system

Question 2

How can you increase the thermal energy of a system?

Answer 2

By heating it or doing work on it

Question 3

Energy changes during a change of state?

Answer 3

Potential energy changes; kinetic energy stays constant

Question 4

Equation for energy to change temperature?

Answer 4

Q = mcΔT

Question 5

Equation for energy to change state?

Answer 5

Q = ml

Question 6

Ideal gas equation?

Answer 6

pV = nRT

Question 7

First law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

ΔU = Q - W, Q = heat added, W = work done by system

Question 8

Specific heat capacity?

Answer 8

Energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1K

Question 9

Define Specific latent heat

Answer 9

Energy required to change the state per unit mass at constant temperature

Question 10

Ideal gas definition?

Answer 10

Molecules don’t interact, considered perfect spheres

Question 11

Internal energy of ideal gas?

Answer 11

Equal to the sum of kinetic energies of particles

Question 12

Boyle’s law?

Answer 12

Pressure ∝ 1/volume at constant temperature

Question 13

Effect of increasing volume at constant pressure?

Answer 13

Temperature increases

Question 14

Effect of increasing temperature at constant volume?

Answer 14

Pressure increases due to higher kinetic energy and more frequent collisions

Question 15

Absolute zero?

Answer 15

-273°C; minimum kinetic energy

Question 16

Avogadro’s constant?

Answer 16

Number of particles in 1 mole of a substance

Question 17

Elastic collisions assumption?

Answer 17

True; all particle collisions are elastic

Question 18

Time assumption for ideal gas?

Answer 18

Collision time negligible compared to time between collisions

Question 19

Other assumptions of ideal gas?

Answer 19

Particles move randomly, obey Newton’s laws, no intermolecular forces, particle volume negligible

Question 20

Root mean square speed?

Answer 20

√(mean of the squares of particle speeds)

Question 21

Brownian motion?

Answer 21

Random motion of small particles due to collisions with molecules, evidence for atoms