NBEO 1 > Things to Cram > Flashcards

Things to Cram Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • diamox
  • trimethoprim
  • methotrexate
  • pyromethamine
  • CAI’s
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2
Q

MRSA drugs

A
  • Bactrim
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Trimethoprim
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3
Q

Drugs that can be taken on an empty stomach

A
  • Penicillins
  • Azithromycin
  • Tetracyclines (besides doxy)
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4
Q

Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Sulfonamides, steroids
  • Ibuprofen
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5
Q

Safe pregnancy drugs

A
  • Penicillins
  • Azithromycin/ erythro
  • Cephalosporins
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6
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A
  • Bacitracin
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cephalosporins
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Penicillins
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7
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Erythromycin
  • Sulfa drugs
  • Trimethoprim
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8
Q

Polysporin

A

bacitracin + polymyxin b

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9
Q

neosporin

A

bacitracin + polymyxin b + neomycin

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10
Q

Drugs that cause optic neuritis

A
  • chloramphenicol, chropropamide, oral contraceptives (estrogens/ progestins) sulfa drugs, ethambutol, MAO-I’s, isoniazid
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11
Q

drugs that cause NAION

A

-vildenafil, imitrex, viagra, amiodarone

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12
Q

drugs that cause toxic neuropathy

A

digitalis, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, ethambutol

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13
Q

Augmentin

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

nephro + ototoxicity

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15
Q

tetracyclines SE

A
  • dont give to children: bone + teeth
  • dont give to preggos
  • pseudo-tumor: CATS (contraceptives, accutane, tetracylines, synthryoid)
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16
Q

Drugs that can cause pseudo tumor cerebri

A

CATS (contraceptives, accutane, tetracylines, synthryoid)

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17
Q

sulfa synthase

A

sulfameth

sulfa di

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18
Q

sulfa reductase

A

TMP- treats marrow poorly
trimethoprim
methotrexate
pyromethamine

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19
Q

bactrim

A

sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

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20
Q

toxo tx

A

sulfadimethoxine + pyromethamine

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21
Q

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

A

-azoles

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22
Q

drugs that cause worl - k

A 
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquone
amiodarone
indomethacin
tamoxifen
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23
Q

drugs/ conditions that cause bull’s eye maculopathy

A 
some people cant handle the bull
stargardts
progressive cone dystrophy
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine
thioridizine
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24
Q

hepatitis fecal oral

A

A, E

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25
hepatitis super infection
b superinfection w/ d
26
hepatitis vaccine
A, B
27
hep c
chronic; tx: ribavirin
28
mast cell stabilizers
stabilize Ca+ influx | alacrile, alamide, alamast
29
anti-histamine combo drugs
``` BEZPOP bepreze elestat zaditor patanol optivar pataday ```
30
topcal anti-histamine
emedastine | used in combo w/ naphacon a
31
1st gen anti histamiine
``` "phen" drugs diphehydramine chlorpheniramine bromopheniamine promethazine ``` can cause bbb, sedation, dry eye, inc iop, mydriasis
32
2nd gen anti histamine
citirizine allegra claritin
33
drugs that cause oculogyricrisis
citirizine (zyrtec) - 2nd gen anti- h chlorpromazine- anti - p thioridazine - anti - p
34
anti-depressants
imipramine | amitryptiline
35
3 things TCA's do
increase norepinephrine increase serotonin increase anti-chol effects (dry eye, mydriasis, IOP)
36
MAO-I
Phenelzine | increase NE --> increase sympathetic --> heart SE
37
anti-psychotics + SE
chlorpromazine thioridazine ``` dry eye mydriasis inc IOP pigment on cornea pigment on lens pigment on retina oculogyric crisis ```
38
ipratropium
relax smooth muscles in lung - COPD, asthma muscarinic antagonistic properties causes mydriasis and inc IOP but not dry eye
39
phenylephrine CI
graves disease narrow angles TCAs, MAO-I
40
visine
tetrahydrozoline | alpha 1 receptor
41
lung drugs
beta 2 buts + terols salmeterol ``` acute drugs metoprterenol albuterol levalbuterol terbutaline all increase IOP except salmeterol ```
42
dopamine agonists
amantidine bromocriptine methylcriptine amphetamine acts on all 4 receptors
43
beta blockers
timolol levobunolol metripranolol carteolol (heart, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity)
44
beta blocker CI
``` COPD CHF bradycardia asthma AV block- arrhythmias ```
45
beta 1 selective
betaxolol atenolol metaprolol bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
46
alpha blockers
tamsulosin prazosin terazosin alpha 1 block--- miosis used for htn and bph floppy iris syndrome
47
prostaglandin SE
``` iris heterochromia conj hyperemia CME, inc iris growth (hyper-trichosis) periorbital skin darkening CI- uveitis pt or active inflammation ```
48
CAI SE
``` sulfa based metallic taste aplastic anemia metabolic acidosis weight loss impotence- beta blockers diarrhea myopic shift parasthesia ```
49
CAI CI
copd sulfa allergy liver/ renal problems pregnancy (sulfa based)
50
insulin effects in adipose tissue
increased glucose uptake increased lipogenesis decreased lipolysis
51
insulin effects in liver
decreased glyconeogenesis (glucose in blood) increased glycogensis increased lipogenesis
52
insulin effects overall
``` increased glycogenesis increased glucose uptake activates tyrosine kinase puts glucose into cells - wants to store things parasympathetic team genesis not lysis ```
53
biguanides
metformin- glucophage | decrease glucose formation
54
sulfonureas
increase insulin secretion glipizide glyburide chlorpropamide CI in pts with sulfa allergies
55
pioglitazone
decreases insulin resistance
56
three things that increase blood pressure
ADH angiotensin aldosterone
57
ace inhibitors
lisinopril enalapril captopril cough, stops conversion of angio 1 to angio 2
58
ARB
losartan | stops affects of angiotensin 2: increased ADH, incr aldosterone, potent vasoconstrictor
59
L type calcium channel blockers
Nifedipine Verapamil Diltiazem nife- vrap- dizzy useful for low tension glaucoma
60
calcium in heart
leads to contractility --> block --> dec contract --> decreased BP
61
diamox diuretic
works on pct | metabolic acidosis because you pee out bicarb
62
lasik diuretic
works on thick ascending loop causes you to loose k+ normal: ka, k , cl - h20 follows stops this: h20 cant follow
63
Hydrochlorothiazide diuretic
works on early DCT normal: na + h20 pulled out stops this: dec bp by putting all this back in
64
aldosterone diuretic
works on late dct | normal: na is reabsorbed- h20 follows- k+ seretion
65
potassium sparing diuretic
works on late dct normal: na, h20 follows; k+ secretion stops this: now K+ is reabsorbed (inc k+ in body)
66
aldosterone diuretic
works on collecting duct | promotes h20 reabsorption
67
nephron terms
``` inside lumen= toilet reabsorbed= in body secretion --> lumen --> toilet ``` when glucose + ions are reabsorbed --> h20 follows --> increases blood pressure
68
statins
act on HMG CoA reductase dec LDL, inc HDL, dec tri SE: myopathy: muscle soreness, hepatotoxicity
69
gemfibrozil
dec LDL, dec tri
70
cholestyramine
dec LDL - used in combo
71
tamoxifen
used in breast cancer inhibits estrogen SE: cataracts, clots (CRVO, BRVO), corneal (whorl -K), crystalline retinopathy (only drug to cause this), cancer (uterine)
72
sumatriptan
imitrex | accummulates serotonin -- vasoconstriction -- SPCAs -- O2 to ON -- NAION
73
diazepam
used for anxiety/ panic attacks oepns cl channels - hyperpolarization antichol effects
74
digoxin
increase intracellular ca (by inhibiting na/k pumps) -- increases contractility -- increase BP SE: retrobulbar Oneuritis, color defect (blue/yellow), entopic phenomenom
75
amiodarone
anti-arrhythmic k+ channel blocker SE: NAION, whorl k, ant lens deposits
76
drugs that cause color defects
digoxin, accutane, viagra
77
tryptophan precursor for
serotonin
78
tyrosine precursor for
NE/Epi, melanin
79
drugs that affect EOMS
phenytoin, phenorbital, diazepam
80
drug that causes diplopia
phenytoin
81
drugs that cause blue sclera
minocycline, steroids conditions: osteogenesis imperfecta, ehlers danlos attacks type 1 collagen
82
drugs that cause dry eye
anti hist, anti psych, anti dep, anti anxiety, anti muscle spasms, duiretics/lasiks, accutane, b-blockers, contraceptives, dextro/methyl (dopamine agonists)
83
drugs that cause SPK
-broad spectrum anti-b, accutane, aminoglycosides, topical nsaids, viroptic
84
drugs that cause pigment on endothelium
chlorpromazine, thioridazine, promethazine
85
drugs that cause miosis
ach-i, donepezil, a-1 blockers, pilo
86
drugs that cause anterior capsular effects
may trigger ant cats | miotics, thioridizine, amiodarone, chlorpromazine
87
drugs that cause PSC
steroids
88
drugs that cause sub conj heme
nsaids warfarin viagra
89
drugs that cause mydriasis
-anti chol adrenergic agonists dopamine agonists b2 agonists- constric maci
90
increase iop
-anti chol adrenergic agonists dopamine agonists b2 agonists- constric maci + steroids (dec corneoscleral outflow), b2 (buts, terols)
91
decrease iop
digitalis alcohol marijuana
92
epinephrine se
cme
93
drug considerations for diabetics
steroids + hyperosmotics cause hyperglycemia | beta blockers can mask hypoglycemia
94
renal/liver disease considerations
systemic anti- inflams can cause kidney disease rifampin - affects liver acyclo/cal/gang: safe but caution w/ kidney disease
95
thyroid disease
``` adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine) can cuase high bp/cardio effects TCAs/MAO-I; increase sympathetic, smoking ```
96
myasthenia gravis
worsened by topical timolol (beta- blocker) | blocks ach receptor at nmj
97
pulmonary
topical beta blockers can induce asthma
98
safe age for polytim. sulfacetamide, e-mycin, tobramycin
> 2 mo
99
safe age for fluoroquinolones (except levofloxacin)
> 1 year
100
safe age for tobradec
>2 year
101
safe age for alomide
> 2 year
102
safe age for acular, alamast, alocril, emadine, optivar, zaditor, patanol
> 3 year
103
safe age for cromolyn sodium
>4 years
104
safe age for FML
> 2 year
105
safe age for viroptic
> 6 years
106
only safe glaucoma med during pregnancy
brimonidine
107
Phenytoin | clinical use + SE
acts on NTRs: NE, AcH, GABA | SE: nystagmus, diplopia, eom palsies, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia
108
phenobarbital | clinical use + SE
-reduces excitatory transmission (glutamateric) through AMPA - receptor blockage -used for seizures, sedation SE: sedation, respiratory depression, mydriasis, inc IOP, cycloplegia, nystagmus,
109
topiramate | clinical use + SE
- multiple CNS effects to prevent seizures - used for migraine therapy + weight loss - SE: diplopia, nystagmus, conjunctivitis, changes in lacrimation, myopia, choroidal swelling (sulfa moiety), non pupillary secondary angle closure
110
levothyroxine | clinical use + SE
synthetic t4 hormone for hypothyroidism hashimoto's SE: hyperthyroidism sxs, pseudotumor cerebri in children
111
prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin | clinical use + SE
alpta 1 blocker relax smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate to decrease urinary outflow obstruction -prazosin/terazosin are also indicated in treatment of HTN SE: orthostatic htn, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
112
sildenafil, vardenafil | clinical use + SE
-phosphodiesterase (PDE-5) inhibits cGMP relaxes smooth muscel in penis during an erection but us broken down by PDE-5 SE: flushing, HA, priapism, NAION, color changes (cyanopsia), blurred vision, photosensitivity
113
estrogen/ progestins | clinical use + SE
- estrogens stimulate growth of endometrium - progesterone promotes gestation (inhibits endometrial growth, maintains endometrial growth, maintains vascular supply, withdrawal leads to menstruation) - used in oral contraceptives, osteoporosis, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual sx, hypogonadism, hypopituitarism SE: dry eye, optic neuritis, papilledema due to pseudotumor cerebri, inc risk of venous beading clots (CRVO, BRVO, DVT, pulmonary embolus)
114
chlorpromazine; thioridazine | clinical use + SE
-DOPA antagonists (anti chol effects) -SE 7: dry eye, mydriasis, inc iop pigment on corneal endo, anterior stellate cataracts, hyperpigmentation of the RPE oculogyric crisis
115
fluoxetine | clinical use + SE
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SE: fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction caution: narrow angle glc, serotonin syndrome (excess serotonin activity in CNS causing changes in mental state, autonomic hyperactivity, neuromuscular problems)
116
amitriptyline, impramine | clinical use + SE
TCA, inhibits NE + serotonin reuptake SE: fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, antichol effects caution: TCA overdose is life threatening
117
phenelzine | clinical use + SE
MAO-I inhibits MAO (enzyme responsible for breakdown of NE + serotonin) -- inhibition causes increase sympathetic effects SE: glaucoma + nystagmus caution: many drug interactions as a class; foods w/ tyramine (wine, cheese, died meats) in combo w/ MAO-Is can cause lethal HTN crisis, can cause serotonin syndrome when taken w/ TCA's SSRIs
118
diazepam | clinical use + SE
bucket 2 benzodiazepine binds to GABA receptors= hyperpolarization of CNS neurons by opening Cl- channels Tx: acute anxiety, panic attacks, sedative/ alcohol withdrawals SE: sedation (can be fatal if combo w/ alcohol) can occasionally cause mydriasis (anti- ACh activity)
119
alcohol
- chronic use can lead to thiamine deficiency (B1)= wernicke's encephalopathy (ophthalmoplegia, confusion, ataxia) - if left untreated- can lead to irreversible korsakoff syndrome (amnesia, confabulation)
120
opioids | clinical use + SE
withdrawals sx: mydriasis, anxiety, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sweating, tremor, nausea/vomitting, increase heart rate/ blood pressure - withdrawal is non-life threatening ex: morphine, heroin, codeine
121
cocaine | clinical use + SE
indirect adrenergic agonist- blocks DOPA/NE uptake in reward centers of brain - can cause mydriasis elevation of mood, tremors, chest pain, heart palpitations - withdrawal is non-life threatening - increases sympathetic effects
NBEO 1
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