THRA.4

Question 1

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 1

Ellipsoidea - Articulatio Atlantooccipitalis

Question 2

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 2

Sellaris - Art. Interphalangea

Question 3

Name joint type and two Examples.

Answer 3

Condylaris - Art. Fermorotibialis, Art. Temporomandibularis

Question 4

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 4

Spheroidea - Art. Humeri

Question 5

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 5

Plana - Art. Proc. Articularium Vertebralium

Question 6

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 6

Delabens - Art. Femoropatellaris

Question 7

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 7

Ginglymus - Art. Metacarpophalangea

Question 8

Name joint type and an Example.

Answer 8

Cochlearis - Art. Tarsocruralis

Question 9

Name joint type and give two Examples.

Answer 9

Trochoidea - Art. Atlantoaxialis, Art. Radioulnaris Prox.

Question 19

Name Given to a joint with 3 or more skeletal elements.

Answer 19

Art. Composita

Question 20

Name given to a joint with two skeletal elements.

Answer 20

Art. Simplex

E.g Art. atlantoaxialis

Question 21

Name given to a joint with two skeletal elements with cartillage in between.

Answer 21

Art. Duplex

E.g Art. femorotibialis

Question 22

What is a synarthrosis?

Answer 22

Fixed fibrous joints with little or no movement

Question 23

Joint with the structure:

Bone - Connective Tissue - Bone

Answer 23

• Art. Fibrosae / Syndesmosis*
• E.g art. dentoalveolaris*

Question 24

Joint with the structure:

Bone - Cartilage - Bone

Answer 24

• Art. Cartilagineae / Synchondrosis*
• E.g symphysis pelvina*

Question 25

Joint with the structure:

Bone - Bone - Bone

Give an example.

Answer 25

• Synostosis*
• E.g Radius-ulna joint in an older animal*

Question 26

Joint with the structure:

Bone - Muscle - Bone

Answer 26

• Synsarcosis*
• E.g. Scapula-Spine*

Question 27

Joint classification which it continuous but slightly movable.

Answer 27

• Amphiarthrosis*
• E.g Art. sacroiliaca*

Question 28

Diarthrosis

Answer 28

Art. Synoviales

Joint Classification containing synovial fluid.

Question 29

What are the three main types of joint?

Answer 29

1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diarthroses

Question 30

Give the types of synarthrosis

Answer 30

1. Synchondrosis
2. Syndesmosis
3. Synostoses
4. Synsarcoses

Question 31

Give the types of Diarthrosis

Answer 31

1. Plana
2. Trochoidea
3. Ginglymus
4. Cochlearis
5. Delabens
6. Spring/Snap joint
7. Sellaris
8. Condylaris
9. Spiralis
10. Ellipsoidea
11. Cotylica
12. Spheroidea

Question 32

Spring/Snap joint example

Answer 32

Art. cubiti in Eq

Question 33

Spiralis joint example

Answer 33

Art. femorotibialis in Eq

Question 34

Cotylica joint example

Answer 34

*Art. coxae* in aves

Question 35

Uniaxial joint types

Answer 35

1. Plana 2. Trochoidea 3. Ginglymus 4. Cochlearis 5. Delabens 6. Spring/Snap joint

Question 36

Biaxial joint types

Answer 36

1. Sellaris 2. Condylaris 3. Spiralis

Question 37

Multiaxial joint types

Answer 37

1. Ellipsoidea 2. Cotylica 3. Spheroidea

Question 38

What are the components of a synovial joint?

Answer 38

1. Gap between at least 2 bones 2. Joint capsule 3. Synovial fluid 4. Hyaline cartilage on opposing surfaces

Question 39

What are the layers of a synovial joint?

Answer 39

1. *Stratum fibrosum* 2. *Stratum synoviale*

Question 40

*Stratum fibrosum*

Answer 40

* Fibrous avascular tissue layer * Transverse fibres, sometimes thickening into ligaments * Ligaments: Capsular, intracapsular or extracapsular * Collateral ligaments - Outside joints *(Support)*

Question 41

*Stratum synoviale*

Answer 41

* Capillary supply * Internal wall of *capsula articularis* * Internal wall covered by *villi synoviales* (Produce synovium) * Synovium fills the *cavitas articularis*

Question 42

Give the types of synovial joint

Answer 42

* Simplex * Duplex * Composita

Question 43

Duplex joints

Answer 43

Two bony surfaces are incompatible Fibrocartilage is needed to assist articulation

Question 44

Duplex joint examples

Answer 44

1. *Discus intervertebralis* 2. *Discus temporomandibularis* 3. *Menisci* in *art. femorotibialis* 4. Acetabular labrum

Question 45

What is the purpose of recesses and pouches in joint capsules?

Answer 45

* Allows flexion * Synovial reservoirs * Soft support for tendons travelling over joint

Question 46

Examples of a hard support for a tendon

Answer 46

* Sesamoid bone * Cartilages

Question 47

Examples of a soft support for a tendon

Answer 47

* Recesses * Bursae synoviales * Vaginae synoviales