1
Q
What are the causes of hyperthyroidism
A
- Graves disease
- Toxic Multinodular goitre
- Toxic adenoma
- Ectopic thyroid tissue
- Drugs (amiodorone + lithium)
- Thyroid tumour
2
Q
What are some of the signs of hyperthyroidism
A
- Clubbing
- fine tremor
- sweating
- lid lag
- AF
- proximal myopathy
- pretibial myxoedema
8 brisk reflexes - palpitations
3
Q
in addition to the symptoms of hyperthyroidism what are the symptoms of graves
A
- Goitre
- Eye signs (proptosis, keratopathy , exophthalmus )
- thyrotoxicosis
4
Q
what is the treatment of hyperthyroidism / graves
A
- Proapanolol
- Carbimazol +/- thyroxine (block and replace)
- radioactive iodine (risk of thyrotoxic storm)
- surgery
5
Q
What are the causes of hypothyroidism
A
- Iodine deficiency (developing world)
- Autoimmune disease (hasimotos)
- congenital
- drugs (amiodarone + lithium)
- anti thyroid medication
6
Q
what are some of the features of hypothyroidism
A
- peaches and cream complexion
- bradycardia
- slow relaxation
- tiredness
- decreased cognitive function
- dry and cold skin
- thinking hair, and loss of the outer 1/3 of the eyebrows
- constipation
- proximal myopathy
7
Q
what is the treatment of hypothyroidism
A
- levothyroxine for life (50 micrograms in young and 25 micrograms in elderly)
