What are some hormones that regulate growth?
- GH,
- IGF-1 and IGF-2
- insulin
- TH
- glucocorticoids
- androgens
- estrogens
name the 2 thyroid hormones…
and what do they act as?
- Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine or T4)
- Triiodothyronine (T3)
act via nuclear receptors and regulate transcription of cell proteins
what is responsible for actions of THs on their target tissues?
•Free or unbound hormone is responsible for actions of THs on their target tissues
what do Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), albumin and transthyretin (TTR) do?
- Act as a large buffer pool of THs in the circulation
- Helps pro-long the half-lives of both T4 and T3
- Large pool of T4 provides a reserve of prohormone available for synthesis of T3
What efffect does the thyroid hormones (THs) have on the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
THs increase the BMR by stimulating both catabolic and anabolic reactions in pathways affecting fats, CHOs and proteins
State what happens in…
- CHO metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- CHO metabolism
THs increase hepatic gluconeogenic activity by inducing the expression of several key gluconeogenic enzymes
- Protein metabolism
Increased proteolysis (in muscle) releases AAs to be used for hepatic gluconeogenesisHyperthyroidism: muscle wasting and weakness
- Lipid metabolism
Increased degradation of stored triglycerides in adipose tissue provides glycerol for hepatic gluconeogenesis
What is hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?
