Thyroid Nodules

Question 1

What is a thyroid nodule?

Answer 1

Discrete lesion distinct from surrounding thyroid parenchyma

Question 2

What are benign causes of thyroid nodules?

Answer 2

Cyst
Adenoma
Nodular goitre

Question 3

What are malignant causes of thyroid nodules?

Answer 3

Thyroid

• adenocarcinoma
• lymphoma
• medullary carcinoma

Question 4

What are red flags for immediate referral?

Answer 4

Patient >65
Nodule increasing size
History of neck irradiation 
FH of endocrine tumour
Voice changes
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
Pre-pubertal patient

Question 5

How should a thyroid nodule be investigated?

Answer 5

TFTs
Refer to endocrinology
Thyroid ultrasound
FNA