IMG1016: superficial structures > thyroid & parathyroid > Flashcards

thyroid & parathyroid Flashcards

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1
Q

location of thyroid

A

anterior/inferior of neck (C5 to T1)

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2
Q

Thyroid lies ___ to thyroid cartilage

A

anterior

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3
Q

___ connect two lobes at the lower third to make thyroid H-shape or butterfly

A

isthmus

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4
Q

Thyroid is ___ to trachea & cricoid cartilage

A

superior

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5
Q

thyroid is inferior to

A

larynx

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6
Q
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
A

lateral to thyroid

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7
Q
  • strap muscles
  • sternohyoid
  • sterno thyroid
  • omohyoid
A

thyroid is posterior to these structures

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8
Q
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • tracheal rings
  • parathyroid
  • longus colli
  • vertebrae (C5-T1)
  • esophagus bw left lobe & trachea
A

thyroid is anterior to these structures

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9
Q

function of the deep cervical fascia

A
  • support structures & creates cleavage planes for surgery
  • limits spread of infection
  • facilitate mobility during swallow & speaking
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10
Q
  • subcutaneous cervical fascia
  • investing layer
  • pretracheal layer
  • buccopharygeal fascia
  • carotid sheath
  • alar fascia
  • sympathetic trunk
  • prevertebral layer
A

fascial layers of neck

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11
Q

function of ___fascia is to invests pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

buccopharyngeal

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12
Q

___ is posterior to sheath

A

sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

subdivides space behind the pharynx into retropharyngeal (anterior) & danger space (posterior)

A

alar fascia

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14
Q

blood supply of thyroid (2)

A
  1. superior thyroid from ECA (external carotid artery)

2. inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk

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15
Q

uncommon midline supply (10% of cases)

A

thyroid ima artery can supply gland from inferior aspect

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16
Q

normal velocity of blood supply to thyroid

A

20-40cm/sec

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17
Q

velocity increase over 100cm/sec in ___ and ___

A
  1. graves

2. hashitosis

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18
Q

thyroid venous drainage (3)

A
  1. superior thyroid vein
  2. middle thyroid vein
  3. inferior thyroid vein
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19
Q

emerges from superior pole of thyroid and enters IJV

A

superior TV

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20
Q

crosses the common carotid artery to open into IJV. May be absent or doubled

A

middle vein

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21
Q

what vein crosses the common carotid artery to open into the IJV

A

“fourth” thyroid vein (middle vein)

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22
Q

largest vein. the R vein crosses trachea to enter L brachiocephalic vein from a common trunk in L vein

A

inferior Thyroid vein

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23
Q

common trunk formed bw brachiocephalic vein & L vein

A

thyroid IMA vein

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24
Q

lymphatic drainage (4)

A
  1. perithyroid lymph nodes
  2. perilaryngeal LN
  3. pparatracheal LN
  4. pretracheal
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25
thyroid develop from __ and ___ pharyngeal pouch
1 st & 2nd
26
at foramen cecum, region of ___ in midline
tounge
27
variants (2) normally diagnosed by US
1. hypoplasia | 2. aplasia
28
diagnosed by nuclear medicine uptake scan
ectopia
29
most common midline cyst in neck, moves with swallowing, diagnosed with US
thyroglossal cyst
30
most complex thyroid variant due to bleeding and infection
thyroglossal cyst
31
variant of thyroid among 10-20% in young children
pyramidal lobe | -extends superiorly from isthmus
32
projection of normal thyroid from posterior or lateral lobe, diagnosed with CT
zuckerandl's tubercle
33
important landmark for recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid gland
zuckerandl's tubercle
34
thyroid variants (6)
1. Hypoplasia 2. aplasia (agenesis of some part of thyroid) 3. ectopia 4. pyramidal lobe 5. thyroglossal cyst 6. zuckerandl's tubercle
35
converted from iodide
Iodine
36
what circulates in blood and actively transports to thyroid under effect of TSH?
iodine
37
what is released by anterior pituitary under effect of TRF/TRH
TSH
38
what is released by hypothalamus due to stimuli affecting BMR
TRF (thyrotropin releasing factor)
39
what is produced by follicular cells after iodine uptake
thyroglobulin
40
10% of thyroglobulin stored in ___ as iodinated form
colloid
41
90% of ___ is produced in the thyroid
Thyroxin (T4)
42
de-iodinated form of T4, is most active
T3
43
all hormones are lipid soluble and need ___ transportation protein
TBG
44
Free __ and ___ can enter cells
T3 & T4
45
regulation of T3/T4
-negative feedback
46
decreased T3/T4 stimulates __ and ___
TRH and TSH
47
actions of T3/T4
- carb metabolism - fat metabolism - increase heart rate - control body temp - increase motility of bowel
48
T3/T4 increase BMR of all body tissue except for ___ &___
spleen & gonads
49
effective and safe treatment of osteoperosis, paget's disease and hypercalcaemia
calcitonin
50
In ___ serum calcium level , Calcitonin stops osteoclastic bone resorption and promotes Osteoblastic bone absorption.
high
51
what cells produce calcitonin
C cells
52
what maintains the homeostasis of blood Ca
calcitonin
53
normal lab value of T4
4.6-12ug/dl
54
normal lab value of FT4
0.7-1.9ng.dl
55
normal lab value of T3
80-180ng/dl
56
normal lab value of FT3
230-600pg/dl
57
normal lab value of TSH
0.3-3.9m IU/L
58
normal lab value of serum thyroglobulin (TG)
0-30ng/mL
59
transducer for scanning thyroid
7.5-15MHz high frequency linear
60
linear array transducer preferred for thyroid scan due to
better lateral resolution in near field
61
thyroid is __ compared to strap muscle and surrounding structures
hyperechoic
62
AP and trv diameter of thyroid
<2cm
63
Isthmus measurement
<5mm
64
thyroid normal measurements (L, AP, thickness)
L- 40-60mm AP- 13-18mm thick- 4-6mm
IMG1016: superficial structures
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