What are the different types of timber processes?
- Addition and fabrication processes
- Forming processes
- Wasting process
What are the different types of addition and fabrication processes?
- traditional wood joints
- knock down fittings
- wood screws, nuts, bolts and coach bolts
What are the different types of forming processes?
- laminating
- steam bending
What are the different types of wasting processes?
- Turning
- Routing
- Milling
What are the different types of traditional wood joints? (8 examples)
- Butt joint
- Dowel joint
- Mitre joint
- Comb joint
- Dovetail joint
- Mortise and Tenon joint
- Housing joint
- Half-lap joint
What is a Butt joint?
- The simplest and easiest method of joining two pieces of timber together.
- Relies upon an adhesive such as PVA to make the bond.
- It is only suitable for very lightweight applications such as modelling.
What is a Dowel joint?
- Dowels are small round pegs made from a hardwood.
- Holes for the dowels are drilled in the wood and then the 2 pieces are hammered together.
- Simple, but stronger than a butt joint.
- Dowel joints are typically used in flat-pack furniture.
What is a Mitre joint?
- The ends of the pieces being joined to make a 90-degree corner are each cut to 45 degrees.
- They are then glued and clamped, often using a mitre jig.
- Used to make picture frames.
What is a Comb joint?
- Two pieces of timber are cut to interlock each other creating a very strong joint.
- The comb shape also increases the surface area for glue.
- Often used to make boxes.
- Combs can be cut using a band saw, laser cutter or tenon saw and wood chisel
What is a Dovetail joint?
- They are similar to comb joints but interlocking parts are angled.
- have directional strength.
- Once glued together, they are impossible to pull apart.
- Used in making drawers.
- Can be cut by hand using a dovetail saw or, more commonly, machined with a router and jig.
What is a Mortise and Tenon joint?
- A strong joint used to make heavy-duty frame constructions, like furniture.
- Involves making a rectangular hole - known as a mortise - in one of the parts. Using a mortise machine or router.
- The second piece of timber is then cut using a tenon or band saw to make the tenon.
- PVA glue is spread into the mortise and the two parts are clamped together.
What is a Housing joint?
- A groove is cut across one piece, and the end of the second piece is inserted into it.
- This type of joint is structurally strong, and can be made using a tenon saw and chisel or by using a router.
- Useful for making framework construction, cabinets and shelving.
What is a Half-lap joint
- Made by cutting a ‘step’ in the end of each piece using a tenon or band saw.
- Simple to make but it has a larger gluing surface area than a butt joint, making it stronger.
- Used to make simple frames or boxes.
What are Knock Down (KD) fittings?
Used for flat-pack furniture, KD fittings allow manufacturers to supply unassembled products, reducing costs and storage space. They are easy for customers to use with few tools.
Knock Down fittings are s_______ and i_______ so they can be used for a wide range of products.
Standardised , Interchangeable
What are the different types of Knock Down fittings? (3 examples)
- Modesty blocks
- Barrel nut and bolt
- Cam-lock connector
What are modesty blocks?
- Small, rigid polymer blocks with moulded holes for screws, used to join panels.
- Common in cupboards and storage units, they are easy to use but provide weak joints and are becoming outdated.
What are barrel nut and bolt fittings?
- Common KD fitting using a cross dowel in one piece.
- The bolt goes through another piece and tightens into the dowel (often with an allen key).
- Used to assemble flat-pack furniture like bed or table frames.
What is a cam-lock connector?
- Consists of a metal dowel screwed into one piece.
- A disk fits into a pre-drilled hole in another piece. Rotating the disk locks the collar on the dowel, pulling both pieces together.
- Commonly used in flat-pack furniture like bookcases, where horizontal shelves are attached to sides
Explain how to join two pieces of timber with a wood screw.
To join timber, drill a clearance hole in the top piece for the screw. The bottom piece needs a pilot hole (thinner than the screw thread) for the thread to grip.
What are the three different types of screws?
• slot head
• Phillips
• Pozidriv
What is a slot head screw?
- The simplest and most economical screw.
- They are tightened using a slot head screwdriver.
- Not really suitable for use with a power screwdriver.
- Often used for products to be fitted to a wall, such as mirrors or light fittings.
What is a Philips screw?
- The design of the screw is such that it accepts the tip of a screwdriver with an angle of 57 degrees.
- If too much torque is applied, the screwdriver will slip. This avoids stripping the thread on the screw.
What is a Pozidriv screw?
- They improve contact with the screwdriver and allow greater torque.
- Pozidriv screws are particularly good for using with power screwdrivers.
- Are the preferred type of screw for woodworking jobs where multiple joints need to be fastened.
