timbers

Question 1

stock forms

Answer 1

• rough sawn
• planed square edge (PSE)
• planed all round (PAR)
• natural wood
• manufactured board
• mouldings

Question 2

characteristics

Answer 2

• strong in direction of grain
• seasoning prevents defects
• wood dust can be hazardous
• biodegradable
• can be recycled
• expands and shrinks with changes in humidity

Question 3

processing

Answer 3

• cut from trees
• debarked
• sawn into planks
• seasoned (kiln or air)

Question 4

hardwoods

Answer 4

• from deciduous trees

Question 5

oak

Answer 5

• hardwood
• hard
• tough
• good weather resistance
• attractive grain
• contains tannic acid which corrodes steel
• furniture
• joinery
• flooring

Question 6

ash

Answer 6

• hardwood
• tough
• attractive grain
• open grain increases flexibility
• ladders
• tools
• laminating

Question 7

mahogany

Answer 7

• hardwood
• easily worked
• durable
• high quality finish
• high end furniture
• veneers on manufactured boards

Question 8

teak

Answer 8

• hardwood
• hard
• tough
• natural oils resist moisture/acids/alkalis
• outdoor furniture
• lab benches

Question 9

birch

Answer 9

• hardwood
• hard
• close grained
• resistant to warping
• furniture
• indoor panelling
• veneers

Question 10

beech

Answer 10

• hardwood
• fine finish
• tough
• durable
• hard
• steamed (white) and un-steamed (pink)
• furniture
• chopping boards
• veneers

Question 11

softwoods

Answer 11

• from coniferous trees

Question 12

pine

Answer 12

• softwood
• light
• easy to work with but can split
• cheap furniture
• construction
• decking

Question 13

spruce

Answer 13

• softwood
• straight grain
• resistant to splitting
• can decay quickly
• indoor furniture
• construction

Question 14

douglas fir

Answer 14

• softwood
• straight/slightly wavy grain
• good corrosion resistance
• construction
• joinery

Question 15

larch

Answer 15

• softwood
• durable
• hard
• tough
• grain fades to silver upon exposure outside
• good water resistance
• outdoor furniture

Question 16

cedar

Answer 16

• softwood
• straight grain
• acidic nature causes metal corrosion
• low density
• rot and insect resistant
• exterior cladding
• sheds