Anatomy and Physiology > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

It is a group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance (matrix)

A

Tissue

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2
Q

It is the study of tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

Give the four primary types of Tissue

A
  • Epithelium
  • Connective Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
  • Muscle
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4
Q

________ - line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin

A

Epithelial tissues

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5
Q

________ is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

________ - They support and protect the body. All of this tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers)

A

Connective tissue

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7
Q

Connective tissue have three main components, what are this three?

A
  • Fibers
  • Elastic
  • collagenous fibers
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8
Q

_______ is a soft tissue that composes muscles in bodies, and gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract.

A

Muscle tissue

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9
Q

________ - is made up of different types of nerve cells, all of which have an axon, the long stem- like part of the cell that sends action potential signals to the next cell. Bundles of axons make up the nerves.

A

Nervous tissue

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10
Q

Functions of the __________ are sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.

A

Nervous system

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11
Q

Epithelium Characteristics are?

A

• Cells fit closely together

• Tissue layer always has one free surface

• The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane

• Avascular (have no blood supply)

• -Gets the nourishment from underlying connective tissues

• Regenerate easily if well nourished

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12
Q

Epithelial Tissues is Found in different areas, where are this?

A

• Body coverings

• Body linings

• Glandular tissue

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13
Q

Epithelium Function are?

A
  • Protect:
    Ex. Skin
  • Act as a barrier:
    Ex. Skin keeps bacteria out
  • Diffusion and Filtration:
    Ex. Lungs and kidneys
  • Secretion:
    Ex. Sweat glands
  • Absorption:
    Ex. Small intestine
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14
Q

Classified according to number of cell layers and cell shape

• Number of cell layers

_______ - one layer

_______ - one layer more than

A
  • Simple
  • Stratified
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15
Q

Classification of Epithelium,
Shape of cells

________ - flattened

________ - cube-shaped

________ - column-like

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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16
Q

Give the answers of “Simple Squamous”

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

A
  • 1 layer of flat, tile-like cells
  • diffusion and filtration
  • blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys
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17
Q

Give the answers of Simple Cuboidal

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

A
  • 1 layer of square-shaped cells
  • Secretion
  • Glands, ovaries, kidneys
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18
Q

Give the answers of Simple Columnar

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

A
  • 1 layer of tall, narrow cells
  • secrete mucus and absorption
  • stomach, intestines, resp. tract
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19
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

A
  • 1 layer of tall, narrow cells appears stratified but isn’t
  • secrete mucus and propel debris out of resp. tract (cilia)
  • nasal cavity and trachea
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20
Q

________?

• Single layer of flat cells

• Usually forms membranes

• Lines body cavities

• Lines lungs and capillaries

A

Simple squamous

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21
Q

________?

• Single layer of cube-like cells

• Common in glands and their ducts

• Forms walls of kidney tubules

• Covers the ovaries

A

Simple cuboidal

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22
Q

________?

• Single layer of tall cells

• Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus

• Lines digestive tract

A

Simple columnar

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23
Q

________?

• Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others

• Often looks like a double cell layer

• Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract

• May function in absorption or secretion

A

Pseudostratified

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24
Q

Stratified Squamous

Structure: ?

Function: ?

Location: ?

A
  • many layers of flat, tile-like cells
  • protect and acts as a barrier
  • skin, mouth, throat, esophagus
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25
• Transitional Structure: ? Function: ? Location: ?
- special type of stratified epithelium changes shape (stretched squamous, not stretched cuboidal) - hold fluids - urinary bladder
26
________? Locations • Skin • Mouth • Esophagus It is Cells at the free edge are flattened also Found as a protective covering where friction is common
Stratified squamous
27
_______ Two layers of cuboidal cells.
Stratified cuboidal
28
_______ - Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape.
Stratified columnar
29
________ - Rare in human body, Found mainly in ducts of large glands.
Stratified cuboidal and columnar
30
________? • Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching • Lines organs of the urinary system
Transitional epithelium
31
______ - one or more cells that secretes a particular product.
Gland
32
what is the Two major types of Endocrine gland?
• Secretions are hormones • Ductless
33
what is the Two major types of Exocrine gland?
• Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface • Include sweat and oil glands
34
________ - It is Found everywhere in the body, Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues.
Connective Tissue
35
Connective Tissue Functions?
• Binds body tissues together • Supports the body • Provides protection
36
_______ - Non-living material that surrounds living cells
Extracellular matrix
37
_________ is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
38
This is a Type of Ordinary Connective Tissue, "Loose" Location: ? Structure: ? Function: ?
- between organs, muscles, glands, skin - collagen fibers far apart - support and protect
39
________? • Most widely distributed connective tissue • Soft, pliable tissue • Contains all fiber types • Can soak up excess fluid
Areolar connective tissue
40
________? • Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate • Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions: • Insulates the body • Protects some organs • Serves as a site of fuel storage
Adipose tissue
41
_________? • Delicate network of interwoven fibers • Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Bone marrow
Reticular connective tissue
42
This is a Type of Ordinary Connective Tissue, "Dense" Location: ? Structure: ? Function: ?
- tendons, ligaments, skin - collagen fibers packed close together - connect and can withstand pulling forces
43
________ - Its Main matrix element is collagen fibers and Cells are fibroblasts • Examples • Tendon - attach muscle to bone • Ligaments - attach bone to bone
Dense connective tissue
44
What is the two supporting Connective tissue type?
- Cartilage - Blood
45
Supporting connective Tissue ________? ■ Type of connective tissue ■ Composed of chondrocytes ■ Contains collagen ■ Withstands compressions ■ Provides support, flexibility, strength
Cartilage
46
What is the three types of Cartilage?
- Hyaline Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - Elastic Cartilage
47
It is the most common Cartilage? Compose of: - Abundant collagen fibers - Rubbery matrix - Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
48
It provides elasticity, example it supports the external ear
Elastic cartilage
49
It is highly compressible and forms like cushion-like discs between vertebrae
Fibro Cartilage
50
________ Composed of: • Bone cells in lacunae (cavities) • Hard matrix of calcium salts • Large numbers of collagen fibers • Used to protect and support the body
Bone (osseous tissue)
51
Types of Fluid Connective Tissue • Fibers are visible during clotting • Functions as the transport vehicle for materials
Blood
52
_________ - is a Liquid connective tissue. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and it Transport food, oxygen, waste, hormones.
Blood
53
Muscle Tissue Function is to produce movement, what are the three types of it?
- Skeletal muscle - Cardiac muscle - smooth muscle
54
________? • Can be controlled voluntarily • Cells attach to connective tissue • Cells are striated • Cells have more than one nucleus
Skeletal muscle
55
________? • Found only in the heart • Function is to pump blood (involuntary) • Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks • Cells are striated • One nucleus per cell
Cardiac muscle
56
________? • Involuntary muscle • Surrounds hollow organs • Attached to other smooth muscle cells • No visible striations • One nucleus per cell
Smooth muscle
57
Nerves are like plantings of the brain - _________
- Avicenna, Persian Polymath
58
_________? • Neurons and nerve support cells • Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body • Irritability • Conductivity
Nervous tissue
59
________ - Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
Regeneration
60
________ -Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
Fibrosis
61
Tissues that regenerate easily?
• Epithelial tissue • Fibrous connective tissue and bone
62
Tissues that regenerate poorly?
• Skeletal muscle
63
Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue?
• Cardiac muscle • Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord
64
Symptoms of Inflammation ________: blood vessels dilate ________: due to increased blood flow ________: from water and proteins ________: nerve endings are stimulated by damage and swelling
- Redness - Heat - Swelling - Pain
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