Tissue Types

Question 1

What are the four major tissue types?

Answer 1

Epithelium, Connective (supporting) tissue, Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue.

Question 2

Arrange the hierarchy: cells → tissue → organs → organ system.

Answer 2

Cells → Tissue → Organs → Organ System.

Question 3

List two places epithelium is found.

Answer 3

Covers body surfaces; lines body cavities.

Question 4

Name two barrier functions of epithelium.

Answer 4

Selective barrier; facilitates or inhibits passage of substances.

Question 5

How does epithelium protect the body?

Answer 5

Protects against dehydration, mechanical damage, and chemical damage.

Question 6

What secretory and sensory roles can epithelium play?

Answer 6

Secretes products into cavities; acts as sensory surfaces.

Question 7

What predominates in connective tissue?

Answer 7

Extracellular matrix secreted by embedded cells.

Question 8

How are cells arranged in connective tissue?

Answer 8

Cells are widely spaced by the matrix.

Question 9

Name the two broad roles of connective tissue.

Answer 9

Structural roles and defensive roles.

Question 10

List the main structural types of connective tissue.

Answer 10

Ordinary (general), special skeletal (bone & cartilage), haemolymphoid tissue.

Question 11

Give two examples of defensive/transport connective tissues.

Answer 11

Blood cells and lymphoid tissues.

Question 12

What are muscle cells called?

Answer 12

Myocytes or muscle fibers.

Question 13

Key capability of muscle tissue?

Answer 13

Capable of lengthening or shortening (contraction).

Question 14

What are neurons?

Answer 14

Structural and functional cell units of the nervous system.

Question 15

Name the two major divisions of the nervous system.

Answer 15

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 16

How can neurons be classified structurally?

Answer 16

By the number and arrangement of their processes.

Question 17

What are neuroglia (glia)?

Answer 17

Nonneuronal, non-excitable support cells of the nervous system.

Question 18

List three functions of glial cells.

Answer 18

Support, insulation, and nourishment/cleanup (clear debris, destroy pathogens).

Question 19

Which cells myelinate in the CNS?

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes.

Question 20

Which cells myelinate in the PNS?

Answer 20

Schwann cells.

Question 21

Two functions of myelination.

Answer 21

Support neurons; increase conduction velocity.

Question 22

Name a CNS demyelinating disorder.

Answer 22

Multiple sclerosis (immune-related demyelination).

Question 23

Name a hereditary demyelinating disorder.

Answer 23

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease.

Question 24

Name an acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy.

Answer 24

Guillain–Barré syndrome.

Question 25

How do neurons communicate at synapses?

Answer 25

By releasing neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft.

Question 26

What are two postsynaptic effects of neurotransmission?

Answer 26

Depolarization (excitatory) or hyperpolarization (inhibitory).

Question 27

What does gray matter primarily contain?

Answer 27

Nerve cell bodies.

Question 28

What does white matter primarily contain?

Answer 28

Interconnecting fiber tracts (myelinated axons).