Tissue types

Question 1

4 types of tissue

Answer 1

• nervous
• supportive/connective
• epithelial
• muscle

Question 2

supporting/connective tissue

Answer 2

• tensile strength: collagen
• elasticity: elastin fibrils
• volume: glycoproteins + complex carbs

Question 3

epithelial cells shared features

Answer 3

• cellular composition
• structure
• function
• regeneration

Question 4

squamous epithelia

Answer 4

• flattened and irregular shape
• continuous surface
• delicate -> supported by basement membrane
• lines surfaces involved in passive transport

Question 5

cuboidal epithelia

Answer 5

• intermediate between simple squamous and simple columnar
• nucleus is round and central

Question 6

columnar epithelia

Answer 6

• taller than simple cuboidal
• height depends on function
• nuclei elongated and at one side of cell
• ciliated
• mainly in female reproductive tract

Question 7

transitional epithelia (urothelium)

Answer 7

• stratified is only found in urinary tract
• stretch and toxicity
• has features of stratified cuboidal and stratified squamous

Question 8

simple epithelia

Answer 8

• single layer of cells
• involved in selective diffusion, absorption, and secretion
• offer little protection

Question 9

stratified epithelia

Answer 9

• 2+ layers of cells
• protective function
• not good for absorption or secretion

Question 10

pseudostratified epithelia

Answer 10

• looks like there’s more than 1 layer of cells in section when there’s not
• basically only in airways -> pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 11

skin

Answer 11

• stratified squamous epithelium -> keratinising
• maturation from cuboidal base layer to flattened surface layer
• basal cells stick to basement membrane
• keratin accumulates
• intermediate filaments crosslink with proteins

Question 12

epithelium in nasal cavity + mucosa

Answer 12

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 13

nasopharynx

Answer 13

• pseudostratified ciliated columnar
• goblet cells

Question 14

larynx

Answer 14

• columnar ciliated

Question 15

trachea

Answer 15

• tall pseudostratified columnar
• goblet cells
• serous cells
• basal stem cells

Question 16

primary bronchus

Answer 16

• shorter columnar ciliated epithelia
• fewer goblet cells

Question 17

tertiary segmental bronchus

Answer 17

• tall columnar epithelium

Question 18

bronchiole

Answer 18

• ciliated columnar epithelia
• few goblet cells

Question 19

alveoli

Answer 19

• type I pneumocytes (squamous)

Question 20

oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus epithelium

Answer 20

• stratified squamous

Question 21

stomach

Answer 21

gastric-type secretory mucosa
- closely packed, long tubular glands - simple or branched

Question 22

small intestine

Answer 22

intestinal type absorptive mucosa
- villi to increase mucosa SA
- short glands (crypts)
- brunner’s glands in duodenum

Question 23

large intestine

Answer 23

colorectal type absorptive/protective mucosa
- closely packed tubular glands for water absorption
- goblet cells

Question 24

genitourinary epithelium

Answer 24

• transitional urothelium
• stratified (3-6 layers)
• basal layer cells compact + cuboidal
• umbrella cells

Question 25

coeliac

Answer 25

- small bowel shows loss or flattening of villi - increased plasma cells and lymphocytes in lamina propria - increased steam cell proliferation at crypt bases to maintain mucosal surface integrity - no site specific epithelium adaptation

Question 26

bullous pemphigoid

Answer 26

- any disease damaging dermo-epidermal junction can lead to dermis and epidermis separating - space fills with fluid -> vesicles/ bullae - antibodies react against antigens in hemidemosomes or lamina lucida - antibody-antigen reaction continues -> damage to basement membrane and further separation -> pus blistering