Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

Four major tissues in body

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Connective
  3. Epithelial
  4. Nervous
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1
Q

What are three functions of epithelial tissues

A

Three s’s (remember: snake skin!)

  1. Shield
  2. Secrete (and absorb)
  3. Sense
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2
Q

What connects epithelial tissue to deeper tissue?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

What are six physical traits of epithelial tissues?

A

Onions

  1. LAYERS - have one or more layers of tightly-packed cells
  2. SURFACES - Have free apical surface and fixed basal surface
  3. NO BLOOD - No blood vessels
  4. NERVES - Lots of nerves
  5. REGENERATION - High regenerative capacity
  6. BASEMENT- Sitting on top of basement membrane
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4
Q

Microscopic study of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Two different types of epithelial cell layers

A

Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one

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6
Q

Three different types of epithelial cell shapes

A

Flat and thin = squamous
Square-shaped = cuboidal
Rectangular = columnar

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7
Q

flat and thin epithelial tissue called

A

Squamous tissues

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8
Q

Cuboidal tissues

A

square-shaped epithelial tissue

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9
Q

rectangular tissue

A

columnal-shaped epithelial tissue

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10
Q

Epithelial get nutrients through

A

diffusion and filtration from basement membrane

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11
Q

Two unique types of epithelial tissues

A
  1. Transitional
  2. Pseudostratified
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12
Q

Where is transitional epithelial tissue?

A

Urinary tract

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13
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelial tissue?

A

Trachea

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14
Q

This type of epithelial tissue shape makes it easy for diffusion to occur

A

simple squamous

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15
Q

Four types of epithelial cell connection (junctions)

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Adhering junctions
  3. Desmosomes
  4. Gap junctions
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16
Q

Tight junctions

A

type of connection between epithelial cells - bands of cell membranes (like a wall), encircle whole cell

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17
Q

Adhering junctions

A

type of connection between epithelial cells - deeper than tight, encircle whole cell

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18
Q

Desmosomes

A

type of epithelial cell junction - button or snap-like junctions

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19
Q

Gap junctions

A

Type of epithelial juncture (pore)

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20
Q

5 functions of connective tissues

A

Spiderwebs

  1. Support soft body parts
  2. Bind structures together
  3. Fat storage
  4. Exchange nutrients and metabolic waste
  5. Defense and protection
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21
Q

6 examples of connective tissues

A
  1. Bone
  2. cartilage
  3. ligaments
  4. tendons
  5. blood
  6. adipose tissue
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22
Q

What does connective tissue look like?

A
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23
Q

These specialized cells, which found in many connective tissues, contain large amount of lipids

A

adipocyte (fat tissue)

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24
What are five physical traits of connective tissues?
1. protein fibers 2. ground substance 3. there is lots of space between cells 4. lots of blood vessels 5. Protein fibers and ground substance form extracellular matrix (ECM)
25
What is ECM?
content between connective tissue cells formed by ground substance and protein fibers
26
Three types of connective tissues
1. Proper 2. Supporting 3. Fluid
27
two subtypes of proper connective tissue
Loose and dense
28
Three types of loose proper connective tissue
Areolar Adipose reticular
29
areolar
type of loose, proper connective tissue important in binding
30
Adipose
type of loose, proper connective tissue protects, insulates, stores fat
31
What causes striations?
contractile fibers
32
three types of dense, proper connective tissue
1. regular 2. irregular 3. elastic
33
Difference between regular and irregular dense, proper, connective tissue
Regular - fibers parallel Irregular - not
34
Three types of cartilage
1. Hyaline 2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage
35
where are hyaline cartilages found?
most common, joints, larynx, trachea, nose
36
where is elastic cartilage found?
external ear, epiglottis
37
where are fibrocartilages found?
intervertebral discs, knee joint
38
these cells responsible for ability of epidermis to resist abrasion and reduce water loss
keratinocytes
39
this layer of skin replaces older cells that desquamate with newer cells by mitosis
stratum basale
40
two types of bone tissue
compact and spongy
41
This type of bone tissue forms the hard, outer shell
Compact
42
This type of bone tissue is inside of bones
spongy bone tissue
43
5 properties of muscle tissue
Ekekee! Excitability Conductivity Contractility Elasticity Extensibility
44
3 types of muscle tissue
Smooth, cardiac or skeletal
45
Of the three muscle tissue types, which have multiple nuclei?
skeletal
46
Of the three muscle tissue types, which have striations?
skeletal and cardiac
47
where are smooth muscle tissues?
hollow internal organs, wall of blood vessels, wall of ducts
48
what do smooth muscle tissues look like?
49
where are cardiac muscles located?
ONLY heart
50
which of the three muscle tissue types are branched
cardiac
51
cardiac cells have lots of this organelle
mitochondria
52
what does cardiac muscle tissue look like?
53
where is nervous tissue?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
54
what is a synapse?
where the info is transferred between nerve cells
55
what does nervous tissue do?
conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities
56
two types of nervous cells
neurons and neuroglia (glia)
57
what are two things neurons do?
1.control nervous system 2. receive and send info
58
Three parts of neuron
1. soma 2. dendrites 3. axon
59
what does the soma do?
receives, integrates and sends nerve impulses
60
what do dendrites do?
antennae of nerves - receive stimuli and direct towards soma
61
what does the axon do?
sends signals to other cells (long tail)
62
What are five functions of the glia?
Social worker 1.Support and bind components of nervous tissue 2. Help with cell-to-cell communication 3. Help in phagocytosis 4. Connect neurons to blood vessels 5. Maintain clean, healthy environment for neurons
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