What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
Both the engulfment of substances from the extracellular environment into the cell but phagocytosis is particles (solids) whilst pinocytosis is fluids.
What is the cell of origin in carcinomas?
Epithelial cells
What is the cell of origin in lymphomas?
Leukocytes
What is the cell of origin in leukaemia?
Haematopoietic cells (bone marrow)
What is the cell of origin in gliomas?
Glial cells (support cells of CNS)
What is the cell of origin in neuroblastomas?
Neurones
What is the cell of origin in sarcomas?
Mesenchymal cells (connective tissue)
What does the basal lamina do?
Separates the epithelial layers with underlying connective tissue.
What can an iron or vitamin C deficiency lead to?
Scurvy and under-hydroxylated collagen as they are needed for hydroxylates (the enzymes that carry out hydroxylation) to function.
What extra thing is found on pro-collagen?
Propeptides on the ends (n and C terminals)
What are the major constituents of the basement membrane?
- Collagen (IV)
- Laminins
- Nigoden
- Integrin
- Perlecan (proteoglycan)
What is Marfan’s syndrome?
- Mutation in fibrillin-1
- Arm span is longer than height
- Predisposed to aortic ruptures due to less elasticity in blood vessels
What is an example of the basement membrane in an organ?
Glomerulus in the kidney - prevents macromolecules from entering the nephron.
What is a complication of the kidneys associated with diabetes?
Excessive ECM accumulation in the glomerulus, restricting renal filtration and leading to renal failure.
What is the structure of proteoglycans?
A core protein with one or more glycosaminoglycan chains branching off from it.
What does decorin do?
Regulates collagen fibre size and arrangement.
How are fibronectins associated with actin?
Via integrin. Fibronectin binds to the extracellular region of integrin whilst actin binds to the internal region of integrin.
What is colloid oncotic pressure?
Opposite to hydrostatic pressure - the pulling force inwards.
What are the main differences between cardiac and smooth muscle?
- Cardiac has regular arrangement of actin and myosin (striated) and smooth muscle does not
- Contraction involves different substances in both (smooth muscle involves Ca-CAM and MLCK)
What are the three main forms of enzyme-linked receptors?
- Tyrosine-linked (95%)
- Guanylyl-cyclase linked
- Serine-threonine linked
Describe the development of melanocytes.
- Precursors are melanoblasts derived from neural crest cells.
- Extensive migration to the ears, skin and uveal tract (eye) as they are highly dendritic
- Steel factor (MGF) is essential for early development of melanocytes
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Tutorials 1-345
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Tutorials 4-527
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Cell pathology 1-250
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Cell pathology 3-525
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Cells40
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Genetics 137
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Genetics 2-338
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Genetics 4-538
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Genetics 621
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Tissues 133
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Tissues 2-328
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Tissues 4-520
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Tissues 623
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Tissues 722
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Tissues 8-919
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Tissues 10-1127
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Microbiology 1-219
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Microbiology 3-428
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Microbiology 5-622
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Microbiology 7-929
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Nucleic acids 1-234
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Nucleic acids 3-427
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Nucleic acids 5-735
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Immunology 1-228
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Immunology 3-439
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Immunology 5-619
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Immunology 7-927
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Microbiology - extra53
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Immunology - extra29
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Metabolism 1-216
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Metabolism 320
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Metabolism 428
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Tissues - extra21
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Metabolism 5-637
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Metabolism 7-820
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Metabolism 918
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Metabolism - extra34
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Extra29
