Boyles law
Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship
Dalton’s law
total pressure (Add all the partial pressures to get total pressure)
Henry’s law
gases will enter a solution (usually water) relative to their partial pressure. (Eg. if O2 is in the air at .3 mmHg, it will enter water at .3 mmHg).
Fick’s law
increase surface area = increased diffusion, increased membrane thickness = decreased diffusion
Air pathway
Trachea, bronchi, lobar bronchi, bronchiolis, alveolar duct, alveoli
Cephalic digestion phase
salivation, looking at food, activated by parasympathetic nervous system. (Think of a cephalopod’s big ass head)
Gastric digestion phase
when food is in the stomach region, know of the food pathway
intestinal digestion phase
when food is in the intestinal region
intestinal I cells
- activated by lipids and proteins
- releases CCK to increase bile production and secretion
Intestinal S cells
- activated by acidity
- releases secretin to pancreas to calm down acidity
Intestinal K cells
- activated by glucose
- releases GIP into beta cells of pancreas in order to release insulin
- directs the glucose to liver
where is Bile produced and stored
Produced in liver, stored in gallblatter
what are the filters within the kidneys called?
nephrons
Afferent vs Efferent
Afferent = in, Efferent = out
blood filtration process
- Within the nephrons, capillaries expel blood into the bowman’s capsule. From there it procedes to (Everything is part of bowman’s capsule):
- PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule)
- Thin descending loop
- Loop
- Thin ascending loop
- Thick ascending loop
- DCT (Distal convoluted tubule)
- papillary duct
- ureter
glottis
The opening of the trachea, vocal area
epiglottis
Flap over trachea that prevents foreign objects like food from entering
Food pathway process
When food hits the stomach it:
- Food hits the stretch receptors
- Stretch receptors activates the gastrin
- Gastrin receptors on parietal activates HCL (Acetylcholine from the parasympathetic nervous system also activates parietal HCl, mostly during cephalic phase)
- Gastrin activates pepsinogen as well
- HCL activates the goblet cells to release mucus
