Define rocket.
A vehicle that uses controlled explosions of propellant to propel itself into space.
True or false: Rockets operate on the principle of Newton’s third law.
TRUE
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the purpose of a payload in a rocket?
To carry instruments, satellites, or humans into space.
Fill in the blank: A solid rocket motor uses _______ propellant.
solid
What is the thrust of a rocket?
The force that propels the rocket upward against gravity.
Define propellant.
A substance that produces thrust when burned in a rocket engine.
True or false: The periodic table organizes elements by atomic number.
TRUE
Elements are arranged from lowest to highest atomic number.
What is the lightest element on the periodic table?
Hydrogen
Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol for gold is _______.
Au
What does atomic number represent?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
Define alkali metals.
Group 1 elements that are highly reactive and have one electron in their outer shell.
True or false: Noble gases are highly reactive.
FALSE
Noble gases are stable and rarely form compounds.
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
Fill in the blank: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of its _______.
isotopes
What is a chemical bond?
An attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances.
Define metalloids.
Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
True or false: Oxygen is a nonmetal.
TRUE
Oxygen is essential for respiration and combustion.
What is the group number for halogens?
Group 17
Fill in the blank: The periodic table was first organized by _______.
Dmitri Mendeleev
What is a transition metal?
Elements found in groups 3-12 that have variable oxidation states.
Define ionic bond.
A bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
True or false: Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
TRUE
This allows carbon to form complex organic molecules.
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
Fill in the blank: The noble gas with the atomic number 10 is _______.
Neon
