Toes Pathological Joint Deviations

Question 1

what are causes of absent or delayed toe off/push off?

Answer 1

• fixed ankle/foot - rigid DF/PF
• decreased PF ROM
• weak PF’s or toe flexors
• painful or rigid MTP
• influenced by knee hyperextension

Question 2

what are effects of absent or delayed toe off/push off?

Answer 2

• no roll for toe off (push off) - decreased toe rocker
• insufficient transfer of weight from heel to forefoot
• decreased step length

Question 3

what are causes of claw/hammer toes?

Answer 3

• MS hypertonicity
• comp for weak PF’s

Question 4

what are effects of claw/hammer toes?

Answer 4

• interfere w forward progression
• decreased step length

Question 5

what are causes of increased toe extension (up)?

Answer 5

• comp for weak AT
• comp for dereased DF ROM
• toe extensor hypertonicity

Question 6

what are effects of increased toe extension (Up)?

Answer 6

• assistance w foot clearance
• skin irritation

Question 7

what are causes of decreased toe extension?

Answer 7

• decreased toe ROM
• forefoot pain
• absent 2° to lack of heel off

Question 8

what are effects of decreased toe extension?

Answer 8

• interfere w forward progression
• decreased step length opposite limb

Question 9

how can you tell if someone is in forefoot aBduction?

Answer 9

the naviculars are more prominent on the medial side and toes bend outward

Question 10

what is a planus deformity / how is it classified?

Answer 10

irreducible dorsal dislocation of navicular on talus producing a rigid flatfoot deformity

Question 11

how can you tell if someone is in forefoot aDduction?

Answer 11

the base of the 5th met is more prominent on the lateral side and toes bend inward

Question 12

is forefoot aDduction a rotational deformity or cavus deformity?

Answer 12

true forefoot adduction is a rotational deformity with normal hindfoot alignment

Question 13

what are the characteristics of Plano-Valgus (classic FLEXIBLE flat foot?)

Answer 13

• dropped longitudinal arch
• post tib too weak to elevate arch
• weight is born on medial foot
• callouses along entire medial arch
• heel cord (achilles) is not tight