theory of mind definition
understanding of private mental states, processes, in knowledge of oneself and others
empathy definition
ability to identify either emotions of others
who does tom
repacholi+gopnik/baron-cohen
repacholi+gopnik method
experiment
repacholi+gopnik aim
investigate age at which kids develop stage 3
repacholi+gopnik IV and DV
IV: age
DV: snack chosen
repacholi+gopnik sample and design
opportunity, independent
repacholi+gopnik pp
children 14 months-18 months
repacholi+gopnik procedures
- present kids with goldfish or broccoli
- watch researcher not like goldfish
- ask child to give them food
repacholi+gopnik results
14 month offered food that they preferred and 18 month inferred that the experimenter wanted food associated with a positive response
repacholi+gopnik findings/link
supports tom bc as they got older, they were able to process what the researcher wants and not just what they want
baron-cohen method
natural
baron-cohen aim
test representational stage of tom (4)
baron-cohen IV and DV
IV: age
DV: answer
baron-cohen sample and design
opportunity
independent
baron-cohen pp
27 children 3.5-5.9 yr old
baron-cohen procedures
- read story to children
- ask 3 questions about different aspects (where will sally look for the marble? where is the marble? where was it in the beginning?)
- assessed results
baron-cohen results
all kids could answer 2nd and 3rd but only kids above 4 could answer the 1st
baron-cohen findings/link
this supports tom bc kids were able to have empathy and step into both sally and annes task when they got a certain age
baron-cohen magec
m-standardized
a- not real life
g-both
e-children
TOM deal
e- replicated by baron
a-predicted level of development
l-assumes underlying schemas
