Top 3 Differentials

Question 1

Solitary pulmonary nodule

Answer 1

Granuloma
Neoplasm
Hamartoma

Question 2

Multiple pulmonary nodules

Answer 2

Metastatic disease
Tuberculosis or fungal granulomatous disease
Septic emboli

Question 3

Cavitary pulmonary nodule or mass

Answer 3

Tuberculosis
Fungal disease
Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 4

Miliary pulmonary nodules

Answer 4

Tuberculosis
Fungal disease
Metastases

Question 5

Centrilobular pulmonary nodules

Answer 5

Infectious bronchiolitis (mycobacterial)
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Endobronchial spread of tumour

Question 6

Cystic lung disease

Answer 6

Emphysema
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Question 7

Lower lobe interstitial lung disease

Answer 7

Usual interstitial pneumonia
Collagen vascular disease
Asbestos-related disease

Question 8

Upper lobe interstitial lung disease

Answer 8

Postprimary tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis
Cystic fibrosis

Question 9

Unilateral hyperlucent lung

Answer 9

Airway obstruction
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Swyer–James syndrome

Question 10

Anterior mediastinal mass

Answer 10

Lymphoma
Thymic lesion
Thyroid lesion

Question 11

Middle mediastinal mass

Answer 11

Lymphadenopathy
Vascular abnormality
Congenital cyst (bronchogenic)

Question 12

Posterior mediastinal mass

Answer 12

Neurogenic tumour
Developmental cyst
Lymphoma

Question 13

Chronic air-space disease

Answer 13

Organising pneumonia
Lung cancer
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Question 14

Peripheral air-space disease

Answer 14

Embolic disease (pulmonary or septic emboli)
Organising pneumonia
Eosinophilic pneumonia

Question 15

ground glass

Answer 15

Pulmonary oedema
Infection
Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 16

Mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy

Answer 16

Infection
Lymphoma
Sarcoidosis

Question 17

Calcified pleural disease

Answer 17

Asbestos-related disease
Prior infection
Prior haemorrhage

Question 18

Bronchiectasis

Answer 18

Postinfectious
Cystic fibrosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 19

Perilymphatic pulmonary nodules

Answer 19

Sarcoidosis
Silicosis
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis

Question 20

Pleural-based mass

Answer 20

Pleural metastases
Empyema
Mesothelioma

Question 21

Parenchymal disease in an HIV patient

Answer 21

Pneumocystis pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Fungal infection

Question 22

Abnormal left ventricular contour

Answer 22

True ventricular aneurysm
False ventricular aneurysm
Pericardial cyst or mass

Question 23

Cardiac mass

Answer 23

Thrombus
Metastases
Benign primary cardiac neoplasm

Question 24

Delayed myocardial enhancement

Answer 24

Infarction or scar
Myocarditis
Cardiac neoplasm

Question 25

cardiac wall fat

Answer 25

Lipoma Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Question 26

Coronary artery disease

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis Coronary artery aneurysm Anomalous coronary arteries.

Question 27

Aortic valve disease

Answer 27

Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation AVR

Question 28

Chest wall mass

Answer 28

Metastatic disease Fatty tumour Rib tumour

Question 29

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS)

Answer 29

Aortic dissection Intramural haematoma Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer

Question 29

Enlarged cardiac silhouette

Answer 29

Cardiomyopathy Pericardial effusion Mediastinal mass

Question 30

Hyperdense liver

Answer 30

Amiodarone deposition Iron overload Glycogen storage disease

Question 31

Nodular liver contour

Answer 31

Cirrhosis Pseudocirrhosis/treated mets Budd–Chiari syndrome.

Question 32

Oesophageal diverticulum

Answer 32

Zenker diverticulum Epiphrenic diverticulum Traction diverticulum

Question 33

Solitary hypodense, hypovascular liver mass

Answer 33

cyst met abscess

Question 34

Multiple hypoattenuating hepatic lesions

Answer 34

cyst met abscess