account of the past of a person or group of people through written documents and historical evidences
classical latin of history
knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation
history
is the study of the beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of human beings
history
the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline
Historiography
better understanding of history
analyze the facts and historian’s contexts
to be critical in the lessons of history
Historiography
a. past human events; past actuality
b. the record of the same
c. the process of technique of making the record
History as Past Actuality
History as Past Actuality (I.I.R.)
Inquiry
Investigation
Research
T OR F “Lessons from the past
can be used to make sense of the present”
True
are materials produced by people or groups directly involved in a historical topic or event
Primary Sources
- sources produced at the same time as the event , period, or subject being studied
- “first-hand experience”
Primary Sources
sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produced the material
secondary sources
give at least 3 examples of primary sources
Archival documents
artifacts
Memorabilia
letter
census
governmental records
give at least 3 examples of secondary sources
Monographs
Journal articles.
Biography.
Encyclopedias.
Dissertations.
Research analysis.
Works of criticism and interpretation.
Newspaper articles (analyzing news
2 types of sources
- primary source
- secondary source
- “lower criticism”
- authenticity of the document
- form and appearances
External Criticism
2 types of historical criticism
- External Criticism
- Internal Criticism
- “higher criticism”
- trustworthiness of the document
- determine whether the document contains errors or lies
internal criticism
it is a technique of testing the degree of
authenticity of document
Heuristics
testing the reliability of the contents of document
Hermeneutic
- promotes a nationalist, essayist and poetic point of view of Filipino History
- National Scientist of the Philippines in 1985
Teodoro Agoncillo
He wanted Filipinos to have a useful memory of a past to advance the Filipino’s quest for genuine nationhood
Renato Crisanto
wrote 67 books and more than 500 articles about history
Gregorio Zaide
- as known for his writings about different aspects of Philippine culture
- which was the first detailed map of the Archipelago, notable for its accuracy and neatness
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
wrote short stories and books, as well as essays
Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
