Topic 1

Question 1

Evidence based practice

Answer 1

Decisions about their practice that are supported by the best available research evidence along with professional expertise and available resources, and that take into account the rights, values and preferences of patients, clients and consumers.

Question 2

Key principle underpinning EBP

Answer 2

• practice decisions: supported by best available relevant evidence, take into account value, preferences and rights of patients/ consumers and clients.
• EBP is a skill that needs to be maintained and updates: lifelong learning
• professional accountability: must be able to demonstrate that practice results in discernible benefits to patients, clients and consumers

Question 3

Steps in EBP process

Answer 3

Ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Assess

Question 4

Levels of evidence hierarchy

Answer 4

1. A systematic review of level 2 studies.
2. A randomised controlled trial- a study of test accuracy with an independent, blinded comparison with a valid reference standard, almond consecutive persons with a defined clinical representation
3. 1 A pseudorandom used controlled trial - a study of test accuracy with: an independent, blinded comparison with a valid reference standard, among non-consecutive persons with a defined clinical presentation
4. 2 A comparative study with concurrent controls- nonrandomised experimental trial, cohort study, case control study, interrupted time series with a control group.
5. 3 A comparative study without concurrent controls: historical control study, two or more single arm study, interrupted time series without a parallel control group
6. Case series with either post test or pre test/ post test outcomes

Question 5

Hypothesis testing

Answer 5

Eg. Do more females than males do dietetics and human nutrition?
Null hypothesis (H0): there is no difference in the number of females and males in dietetics and nutrition 
Alternate hypothesis (H1): There are more females than males in dietetics and nutrition 
If there is a significant p value, the null hypothesis can be accepted

Question 6

Statistical errors

Answer 6

Type 1 error- there is not a difference between the groups but the null hypothesis has been rejected
Type 2 error- there is a difference but the null hypothesis has been retained

Question 7

95% confidence interval

Answer 7

The range of scores or values, in which we are 95%’confident that the true population mean lies.