Topic 1.2 Major Open Source Applications

Question 1

Define “Application”

Answer 1

An application is a computer program whose purpose is not directly tied to the inner workings of the computer, but with tasks performed by the user.

Question 2

Who used DEB Packages? What tools do they use?

Answer 2

1. Debian, Ubuntu, Mint

2. dpkg, apt-get and apt

Question 3

Who uses RPM Packages? What tools do they use?

Answer 3

• Red Hat, Fedora, Cent OS

- rpm, yum and dnf

Question 4

Command to search repository in DEB Packages

Answer 4

• apt-cache search package_name
  *apt-cache searches for information about available
  packages.
• apt search package_name

Question 5

1. What command to search for DEB packages?

2. What command to search for RPM packages?

Answer 5

1. For DEB packages: apt-cache search package_name

2. For RMP packages: yum search package_name or dnf search package_name

Question 6

1. What command to install DEB packages?

2. What command to install RPM packages?

Answer 6

1. To install DEB: “apt-get install package_name” or “apt install package_name”
2. To install RPM: “yum install package_name” or “dnf install package_name”

Question 7

1. What command to remove DEB package?

2. What command to remove RPM package?

Answer 7

1. DEB: sudo apt-get remove package_name

2. RPM “sudo yum remove package_name” or “sudo dnf remove package_name”

Question 8

1. What are the most popular HTTP servers?

2. What scripting languages do they use?

Answer 8

1. Apache, NGINIX, and *lighttpd
2. PHP on the server side; *JavaScript on the client (i.e. web browser) side.

• lighttpd (has “http” in it)
• End-user drinking coffee.

Question 9

1. What is Network File System (NFS) used for?

2. What is this called when files and directories are pushed to a different device?

Answer 9

• It is for sharing file systems/directories on Unix/Linux machine, including entire directory trees.
• This is called a Thin Client.

Question 10

What is Samba used for?

Answer 10

• For sharing files over OS’s *beyond just Unix/Linux

* Samba sounds exotic (i.e. diverse)

Question 11

What does a Domain Controller do?

Answer 11

• A domain controller grants authorization to a workstation upon logon to various local and remote sources.
• The domain controller is a service provided by Microsoft’s Active Directory. - – Linux workstations can associate with a domain controller by using Samba or an authentication subsystem called SSSD.
• As of version 4, Samba can also work as a domain controller on heterogeneous networks.

Question 12

What is a “fork”?

Answer 12

A fork is a spin-off of a tool or distribution that share most of the same basic features but have minor differences.

Question 13

1. What are the two Linux cloud options?
2. What are the similarities between?
3. What is the difference between them?

Answer 13

1. ownCloud and NextCloud.
2. File sharing and sync, collaborative workspaces, calendar, contacts and mail, all through desktop, mobile and web interfaces.
3. Nextcloud also provides private audio/video conferencing, whilst ownCloud is more focused on file sharing and integration with third-party software

Question 14

1. What is a compiled programming language?

2. Give examples.

Answer 14

1. Source code is converted to a binary file which can then be executed by the computer.
   - A program called “compiler’ is responsible for doing the conversion from source code to executable form.
   - Since the compiled binary is specific to one kind of processor, the program might have to be re-compiled to run on another type of computer.
2. C, C+ , Java, Python

*C, C+ and Java because they are older.

Question 15

1. What is a interpreted language?

2. Give examples.

Answer 15

1. • *Interpreter reads the source code and executes its instruction every time the program is run.
     - Program does not need to be previously compiled before running.
     - This makes the development easier and faster, but at the same time interpreted programs tend to be slower than compiled programs.
2. PHP, Ruby, Python, and JavaScript.
   * Interpreter like you have someone with you when you travel. It makes life easier and faster.

Question 16

Describe JavaScript

Answer 16

• Mostly used in web pages, servers and mobile devices.
• It is an interpreted (scripting) programming language.

*remember drinking coffee and scripting something out.

Question 17

Describe C programming language.

Answer 17

The C programming language is closely related with operating systems, particularly Unix, but it is used to write any kind of program to almost any kind of device. The great advantages of C are (flexibility and speed. The same source code written in C can be compiled to run in different platforms and operating systems, with little or no modification.

It is a *compiled programming language.

*Flexible like “C” is curved. *Compiled like “C”

Question 18

Describe Java programming language.

Answer 18

• Java are “portable”, i.e. same program can be executed in different operating systems.
• It is a *compiled programming language.
• Portable, like drive through coffee.
• Sitting down with a pile of books and a cup of coffee.

Question 19

Describe Perl programming language.

Answer 19

• Perl programming language most used to process *text content.
• Has a strong regular expressions emphasis, which makes Perl a language *suited for text filtering and parsing.
• It is an interpreted (scripting) programming language.
• Making Linux scripts
• Scripting to search in Linux

Question 20

Describe Shell programming language.

Answer 20

• The shell, particularly the Bash shell, is a programming language, AND interactive interface to run other programs.
• Shell programs (shell scripts), can automate complex or repetitive tasks on the command line environment.
• It is an interpreted (scripting) programming language.

Question 21

Describe Python programming language.

Answer 21

• Python is a good way to start learning programming for its easy to use approach.
• It is an interpreted (scripting) programming language.

Question 22

Describe PHP programming language.

Answer 22

• *PHP is most used as a server side scripting language for generating content for the web.
• It is an interpreted (scripting) programming language.
• Scripted, like PHP is shortened.
• Interpreted, as in “WTF is this search for”.