List short term effects of exercise
- heart rate
- stroke volume
- cardiac output
- respiratory rate
- tidal volume
- minute ventilation
- muscle temperature
- oxygen to working muscles
- lactic aid production
- muscle fatigue
Why does heart rate increase during exercise
more oxygen is required at working muscles
more carbon dioxide needs to be removed
Why does stroke volume increase during exercise
More blood comes back to heart, therefore more oxygenated blood at the working muscles
Why does lactic acid build up during exercise
Due to an excess of amount of carbon dioxide, which leads to fatigue
Oxygen not available to break down the lactic acid
Therefore oxygen debt
Why does cardiac output increase during exercise
Oxygenated blood will come to our muscles more efficiently
Why does depth of breathing and rate of breathe increase during exercise
So more oxygen can reach your working muscles in one go
define heart rate
The number of times your heart beats per minute
define stroke volume
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart’s left ventricle each beat
define cardiac output
The total volume of blood the heart pumps out in one minute.
how to calculate cardiac output (Q)
heart rate(HR) x stroke volume(SV)
Name long term effects of exercise
- able to train harder for longer
- increased bone density
- muscle hypertrophy
- decreased resting heart rate
- increased cardiac output
- cardiac hypertrophy
- drop in resting blood pressure
- increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
define muscle hypertrophy
An increase in the size of muscle, resulting in increased power and force.
define cardiac hypertrophy
Where the heart increases in size and capacity, meaning the left ventricle will pump more blood out per beat.
how does the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together
- oxygen intake into lungs
- transfer to blood and transport to muscles
- removal of carbon dioxide
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Topic 1.1 skeletal systems37
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Topic 1.1 muscular systems10
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Topic 1.2 cardiovascular system14
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Topic 1.2 respiratory system9
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Topic 1.3 Aerobic and Anaerobic exercise4
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Topic 1.4 Short term and long term effects of exercise14
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Topic 2.1 Movement analysis: lever systems & mechanical advantage13
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Topic 2.2 Planes and axes of movement13
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Topic 3 Physical training84
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Paper 2 Topic 1 Health , fitness and wellbeing55
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Paper 2 Topic 2 Sports Psychology70
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Paper 2 Topic 3 : socio cultural influences33
