Anatomy > Topic 16 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Topic 16 - Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Urinary System

List the structures of the urinary system

How many?

A

2 kidneys

2 ureters

1 urinary bladder

1 urethra

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2
Q

List the functions of the urinary system

A
  • Regulates
  • Eliminates wastes
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3
Q

functions of the urinary system

What does the urinary system regulate?

A

regulates

  1. blood volume
  2. blood pressure
  3. pH
  4. ion concentrations
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4
Q

Functions of urinary system

What kind of wastes does the urinary system eliminate?

A

example: urea, uric acid, hormones, drugs

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5
Q

List the 7 structures of the urinary system

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Nephron
  3. Kidney & Nephron blood supply
  4. Juxtaglomerular complex
  5. Ureters
  6. Urinary Bladder
  7. Urethra
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6
Q

Structures of the urinary system

Kidneys

list the external anatomy

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • right lower than left
  • supported & protected by 3 layers of CT
  • renal hilus (hilum)
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7
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys ► External anatomy:

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue?

A
  1. fibrous capsule
  2. perineral fat capsule
  3. renal fascia
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8
Q

Structures of urinary system ► Kidneys ►External anatomy:

Renal hilus (hilum)

A
  • medial indentation
  • entry point of:
    • renal artery (superior)
    • renal vein (inferior)
    • ureter
    • nerves

**vein = inferior**

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9
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys

List the internal anatomy

A
  • renal cortex (superficial)
  • renal medulla

cortex = outer

medulla = middle

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10
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys ► Internal anatomy:

What does the renal medulla contain?

A
  1. renal pyramids ► apex of pyramid = renal papilla
  2. renal columns ► separate pyramids and contain blood vessels

apex = top or highest part of something

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11
Q

cortex = ?

medulla = ?

papilla = ?

A

outer

middle

projection

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12
Q

Structures of urinary system:

Nephron

A
  • functional unit of kidney (microscopic)
  • composed of:
    • renal corpuscle
    • renal tubules
  • 2 types of nephrons
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13
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

Renal Corpuscle

A
  • in cortex
  • site of blood filtration (first step in urine formation)
  • parts
    • glomerulus
    • bowman’s capsule
    • filtration membrane
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14
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle:

Glomerulus

A

= capillary bed

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15
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ►Renal corpuscle:

Bowman’s capsule

A
  • surrounds glomerulus
  • collects filtrate from glomerulus
  • 2 layers
    • outer = simple squamous epithelium
    • inner = podocytes ► wrapped around glomerular capillaries
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16
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle

filtration membrane

A
  • consists of
    1. glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
    2. basement membranes
    3. podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)
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17
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle ► filtration membrane:

what type of tissue is Glomerular Endothelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium with pores = fenestrations

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18
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle ► filtration membrane:

Type of tissue of podocytes?

A

simple epithelium

projections “cling” to glomerulus

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19
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

Renal Tubules

A
  • 4 parts
    1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
    2. Loop of Henle
    3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
    4. Collecting ducts
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20
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

in cortex

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21
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Loop of Henle

A
  • descending + ascending limbs
  • in medulla
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22
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

in cortex

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23
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Collecting Ducts

A
  • in cortex and medulla
  • connect nephron to ureter (via calyces/renal pelvis)
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24
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A
  1. Cortical
  2. Juxtamedullary
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25
**Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► 2 types of Nephrons** Cortical
* 85% * renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex * short loop of henle in outer medulla * most abundant * more superficial
26
**Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► 2 types of Nephrons** Juxtamedullary
* 15% * renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla * long loops - penetrate deep into medulla -\> allow concentration of urins depending on need
27
low ______ = ______ blood pressure
low **blood volume** = **low** blood pressure
28
way to remember the 2 types of nephrons 1. Cortical = **CORTEX** 2. Juxtamedullary = **MEDULLA**
:)
29
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** Starts at the:
Aorta
30
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After the aorta
Renal Arteries
31
Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply After renal arteries
Segmental Arteries
32
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After segmental arteries
Interlobar arteries (up columns)
33
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After interlobar arteries:
Arcuate arteries (medulla/cortex junction)
34
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After arcuate arteries
Cortical radiate arteries
35
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After cortical radiate arteries
Afferent arterioles afferent = arriving
36
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After afferent arterioles
Glomeruli
37
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After glomeruli
Efferent arterioles Efferent = Exiting
38
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After efferent arterioles
**peritubular capillaries** or **vasa recta**
39
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After peritubular capillaries
cortical radiate veins
40
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After vasa recta
cortical radiate veins
41
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After corticle radiate veins
Arcuate veins
42
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After arcuate veins
interlobal veins
43
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After interlobar veins
renal veins
44
**Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply** After renal veins
Inferior vena cava
45
**Juxtaglomerular complex**
* regulates filtrate formation * point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent + efferent arterioles at renal corpuscle of same nephron * 2 parts
46
What are the **2** parts of the **juxtaglomerular complex**?
1. Tubular Portion 2. Arteriolar portion
47
**Juxtaglomerular Complex** Tubular Portion
modified (tall and narrow) ascemdomg limb cells = **macula densa**
48
**Juxtaglomerular Complex** Ateriolar Portion
Afferent + efferent arteriolar portion = **granular** (juxtaglomerular cells) * monitor blood pressure * contain renin (enzyme + hormone)
49
**Urinary Bladder** Histology
1. Mucosa 2. NO submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Adventitia/Seroser
50
**Urinary Bladder ► Histology** Mucosa
Transitional Epithelium with Rugae
51
Urinary Bladder ► Histology No Submucosa
Lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa
52
Urinary Bladder ► Histology Muscularis Externa
= Detrusor Muscle smooth muscle (3 layers) Detrusor = To thrust out
53
Urinary Bladder Adventitia/Seroser
Aventitia = Anterior, Posterior, and Inferior Seroser = Superior
54
**Urinary Bladder** Internally
triangle of 2 ureters (posterior) + urethra openings = **TRIGONE** * **Trigone** lacks **rugae** (smooth) - allows openings to remain in fixed position
55
**Ureters** Histology
1. Mucosa 2. NO Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Adventitia/Seroser
56
**Ureters ► Histology** Mucosa
transitional epithelium
57
**Ureters ► Histology** NO Submucosa
Lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa
58
**Ureters ► Histology** Muscularis externa
Smooth muscle - 3 layers
59
**Ureters ► Histology** Adventitia/Seroser
Retroperitoneal
60
**Urethra** Histology and others points:
**_Histology_** 1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis externa **_Other points_** * 2 sphincters (both surround proximal end of urethra) * in females - transports urine * in males - transports urine and semen
61
**Urethra ► Histology** Mucosa
Transitional to stratified squamous epithelium
62
**Urethra ► Histology** Muscularis Externs
Smooth Muscle
63
**Urethra ► Other points** Name the 2 sphincters
1. Internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle) 2. External urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
64
**Urethra ► other points** Which contains smooth muscle? A. Internal urethral sphincter B. External Urethral sphincter
Internal \*\*\*inside is smooth - outside is hard\*\*\*
65
**Urethra ► other points** Which contains skeletal muscle A. Internal urethral sphincter B. External urethral sphincter
External
66
Urethra ► other points Internal Urethral Sphincter
thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder
67
**Urethra ► other points** External urethral sphincter
in urogenital diaphragm
68
**Filtrate Movement** Filtrate moves from:
Several DCTs distal convoluted tubules
69
**Filtrate Movement** From Several DCT's to:
Collecting ducts (exit at renal papilla)
70
**Filtrate Movement** From collecting ducts to:
Minor calyx
71
**Filtrate Movement** From minor calyx to:
Major Calyx
72
**Filtrate Movement** From major calyx to:
Renal pelvis
73
**Filtrate Movement** From renal pelvis to
Ureter
74
**Filtrate Movement** From ureter to:
Urinary bladder
75
Filtrate Movement: From urinary bladder to
Urethra
76
**Filtrate Movement** From urethra to
YOUR NAME IN THE SNOW LAWL
77
What is the difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa racta?
**Peritubular Capillaries** 1. Found in cortex 2. Surrounds the PCT and DCT 3. Carries blood away from kidney **Vasa Recta** 1. Found in medulla 2. Surrounds loop of henle 3. Carries blood to kidney
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