Topic 17 Lithosphere Unit 1

Question 1

concentric

Answer 1

arcs or circles having the same centre

Question 2

section drawing

Answer 2

a drawing that shows what something would look like if cut in half

Question 3

crust

Answer 3

the outermost layer of Earth

Question 4

mantle

Answer 4

the layer of Earth between the outer core and the crust

Question 5

outer core

Answer 5

the liquid layer of Earth surrounding the inner core

Question 6

inner core

Answer 6

the innermost solid layer of Earth

Question 7

magma

Answer 7

rock that is so hot it has melted

Question 8

lithosphere

Answer 8

the part of Earth made up of soil and solid rock; the crust and outer layer of the mantle

Question 9

Lithosphere

Answer 9

Layers of Earth

Question 10

Earth’s layers

Answer 10

From space, we see planet Earth as a huge round ball. We can see the surface of the ball, but not what is inside it. In this way, the Earth is a bit like the apple in Figure 2. In order to see what is inside the apple, you have to cut into it. In Figure 3 you can see an apple cut in half from top to bottom.

Question 11

Figure 2

Answer 11

You can see the surface of the apple - its skin - but not what is inside.

Question 12

Figure 3

Answer 12

Layers inside an apple. The apple in figure 3 shows that there are three main parts to the apple: the outer skin, the middle fleshy part and the inner core, where the seeds are. These parts are like layers in the apple. The centre of the apple is in the middle and forms the core. This is the centre for each layer. Because each layer has the same centre, we say that the layers are concentric.

Question 13

Earth cut in half

Answer 13

If you could cut Earth in half in the same way as you can cut an apple, you would see that it too has several layers. Because Earth is a sphere, it looks the same inside whether you cut it in half along the equator or from pole to pole. A drawing of the inside of Earth cut in half is called a section drawing.

Question 14

The crust

Answer 14

This is the thinnest layer, made of solid rock and soil. The land and the sea floor under the water are part of the crust. Wherever you walk on Earth, you are walking on the crust.

Question 15

The mantle

Answer 15

This is the thickest layer of Earth. Rock in the innermost part, closest to the core, is so hot it has partially melted into a thick, sticky liquid called magma. Magma can flow very slowly (a bit like tar on a hot day). The outermost part of the mantle, closest to the crust, is cooler, and here the rock is solid.

Question 16

The core

Answer 16

This is the innermost part of Earth, consisting mainly of iron. It has two parts: the outer core: this is liquid and very hot; the inner core: this is solid and the hottest layer, with temperatures as high as the Sun’s surface.

Question 17

lithosphere

Answer 17

The word litho comes from the Greek word for rock. The lithosphere is the crust together with the outermost part of the mantle. The lithosphere therefore consists of three parts: the soil of the crust, the rock of the crust, and the rock of the upper part of the mantle.

Question 18

element

Answer 18

a material that consists of atoms of only one kind

Question 19

compound

Answer 19

a material that consists of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

Question 20

minerals

Answer 20

elements or compounds of elements that occur naturally in Earth’s crust

Question 21

Oxygen

Answer 21

47

Question 22

Silicon

Answer 22

28

Question 23

Aluminium

Answer 23

8

Question 24

Iron

Answer 24

5

Question 25

Calcium

Answer 25

3.5

Question 26

Sodium

Answer 26

3

Question 27

Potassium

Answer 27

2.5

Question 28

Magnesium

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Total

Answer 29

99