Topic 4

Question 1

Adaption types

Answer 1

1. BEHAVIOURAL - actions that help survive/ reproduce
   e. g. burring food
2. PHYSIOLOGICAL - internal workings help survival/ repo
   e. g. tolerating certain environments - Hsalt
3. ANATOMICAL - structures we can see/ observe
   e. g. bees have long toungs

Question 2

Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Answer 2

working out allele frequency

p+q=1 p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 3

5 Kingdoms and features

Answer 3

1. ANIMALIA - multicellular, heterotrophs, no cell wall
2. PLANTAE - multicellular, autotrophs, cellulose cell wall
3. FUNGI - multicellular, absorb nutrients, cell wall
4. PROTOCTISTA - single celled, photosynthesise/ feed on organic matter
5. PROKARTOTE - prokaryotic, bacteria

Question 4

3 Domains

Answer 4

1. Eukaryotes
2. Prokaryotes
3. Archaea

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

• transport water + mineral ions (upwards)
• stiffened cell walls - support
• lignified (+ waterproof) - no cytoplasm - dead
• transpiration

Question 6

Phloem

Answer 6

• transport organic solutes (up and down) e.g. sugars, aa
• made of sieve tube plates - living
• companion cell - metabolic functions
• translocation

Question 7

Drug Testing

Answer 7

1. PRE CLINICAL TESTING
   - animal/ lab studies
   - asses safety and effectiveness
2. CLINICAL TRIALS - PHASE I
   - small healthy volunteer group
   - asses effects and safety
3. CLINICAL TRIALS - PHASE II
   - small ill volunteer group
   - asses effectiveness
4. CLINICAL TRIALS - PHASE III
   - large group (split - placebo, drug) - double blind
   - asses side effects and if affective