What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
Explain how fractional distillation works.
- the bottom of the fractionating column is hottest
- the top of the fractionating column is coolest
- the crude oil enters the bottom of the fractionating column
- the hydrocarbons condense when they reach their condensing point and are collected in separate containers
How does the length of a carbon chain affect its boiling point
The longer the carbon chain the higher the compounds boiling point
How does the length of the carbon chain affect the viscocity of a compound
The longer the carbon chain the more viscous it is
How does the length of the carbon chain affect flammability
The shorter the carbon chain the less flammable it is
What is meant by complete combustion
When a compound burns completely in oxygen
What is cracking?
Breaking down longer hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons
What are the two types of cracking?
Catalytic cracking and steam cracking
What conditions are required for steam cracking?
- temp over 800 degrees
What conditions are required for catalytic cracking?
- a catalyst
- temps over 500
What is the key difference between an alkene and an alkane
An alkene contains a c=c (a carbon carbon double bond)
Alkanes do not
What effect does the double bond have on alkenes?
Makes it very reactive
What is the test for alkenes?
- add bromine water
- if alkenes are present the solution will turn from brown to colorless
Why do we use cracking to produce shorter hydrocarbons?
- there is a higher demand for shorter hydrocarbons
- they can be used as fuels
What does complete combustion of hydrocarbons produce
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the name of an alkane with one carbon?
Methane
What is the name of an alkane with two carbons?
Ethane
What is the name of an alkane with three carbons?
Propane
What is the name of an alkane with 4 carbons
Butane
What is acronym to name alkanes - dexter
My
Electric
Plug
Burnt
What is the acronym to remember the names of alkanes - Stan
My
Elvis
Presley
Broke
What is crude oil
A mixture of hydrocarbons
