topic 8 - brain

Question 1

describe symptoms of parkinsons

Answer 1

-shaking
- stiffness
- can lead on to dementia and depression

Question 2

what is used to treat parkinsons and how does it work?

Answer 2

L-DOPA
- converted into dopamine in the brain

Question 3

why does parkinsons disease occur?

Answer 3

• destruction of neurons in the midbrain
• results in decreased dopamine produced which is needed for movement

Question 4

what is the main cause of depression and why is this only one of th causes ?

Answer 4

• imbalance of chemicals in the brain
• decreased serotonin
• multifactorial disease

Question 5

what is used to treat depression ?

Answer 5

-SSRIs
- used to prevent the reuptake of serotinin

Question 6

describe how MRIs work and what are they used to detect

Answer 6

• magnetic field and radio waves
• identifies soft tissue
• detect tumors
• structure only

Question 7

compare MRI to CT

Answer 7

• MRI more expensive
• MRI higher quality
• MRI less dangerous (less exposure)
• both show only structure

Question 8

describe how CT scans work

Answer 8

• x-ray radiation
• densor regions absorb more radiation and show up lighter
• allows visualisation of tissue
• structure only

Question 9

Describe how FMRIs work

Answer 9

• brain can be studied in real time
• shows location of oxygenated blood
• can see what areas are active in the brain (light up)
• as oxyhaemoglobin absorbs fewer radiowaves

Question 10

describe how a PET scan works

Answer 10

• radioactive tracers used
• collect in areas with increased blood flow
• detects emissions of positrons
• show structure and function
• provides 3D image

Question 11

name the 4 lobes of the brain + give basic funtion

Answer 11

• frontal lobe - motor cortex
• parietal lobe - orientation + movement
• occipital lobe - visual cortex
• temporal lobe - auditory cortex

Question 12

give the 5 main parts of the brain

Answer 12

• cerebrum
• cerebellum
• medulla oblungata
• pituitary gland
• hypothalamus

Question 13

what happens in medulla oblungata

Answer 13

• repiritory, HR + BP control centre

Question 14

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 14

control centre, monitors + maintains homeostasis

Question 15

what is the pituitary gland

Answer 15

• master gland
• reponible for regulating body functions

Question 16

what is grey matter?

Answer 16

• cell bodies of neurones
• highly folded to increase SA

Question 17

what is white matter ?

Answer 17

myelinated axons of neurons