topic: object orientation

Question 1

define object orientated programming

Answer 1

a programming paradigm based on the concept of ‘objects’ which can contain data and code.
It attempts to group data and informations into structure items known as objects

Question 2

What is an object in OOP

Answer 2

a specific instance of a class that contains attributes and methods

Question 3

what is a class

Answer 3

a blueprint/ template for creating objects, defining attributes and methods

Question 4

Define polymorphism

Answer 4

the ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface

Question 5

What is abstraction in OOP

Answer 5

the concept of hiding complex implementation details while exposing only the necessary parts

Question 6

True or false: method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name in a class.

Answer 6

TRUE

methods must differ in the type or number of parameters

Question 7

what does constructor do

Answer 7

method that is called when creating an instance of a class

Question 8

what is composition in OOP

Answer 8

a design principle where a class is composed of one or more objects from other classes

Question 9

what is the purpose of access modifiers

Answer 9

Private and Public, they control the visibility and accessibility of class members
to implement encapsulation (requiring modification through controlled methods like setters and getters),
protect data integrity by preventing direct unauthorized access,
manage code complexity,
and defining the interface for interacting with objects.

Question 10

What is a getter

Answer 10

a method that retrieves the value of an object’s attribute

Question 11

Fill in the blank: a setter is used to _______ the value of an attribute

Answer 11

set

Question 12

define an abstract class

Answer 12

a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods

Question 13

what is inheritance

Answer 13

when a class hass attributes and methods from its parent class and it can have its own methods and attributes too

it extends a parent class by inheriting its features

Question 14

what does overriding mean in OOP

Answer 14

redefining an inherited method (from a parent/ superclass) within a subclass to provide a different implementation

Question 15

What is dependency injection

Answer 15

a technique where an object receives its dependencies (object that another class requires to function) from an external source rather than creating them

Question 16

a procedure that starts with “public procedure new (givenName,givenAddress)” is called what

Answer 16

a construction

Question 17

benefit of OOP

Answer 17

it becomes very easy to reuse the class and create hundreds of objects of that same class

Question 18

what is ‘encapsulation’ in object-oriented programming

Answer 18

all of the object’s attributes are contained and hidden in the object by giving them the private access modifier
they are accessed through public getter and setter methods

encapsulation helps in protecting the integrity of the object’s data.

Question 19

define ‘instantiation’

Answer 19

creating a specific, usable instance (object) from a class blueprint, using the word ‘new’

This is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

Question 20

what is an ‘attribute’

Answer 20

a specific piece of data representing a particular characteristic of an object

attributes are often referred to as properties or fields

Question 21

what is a ‘constructor’

Answer 21

a method that is called when an object is created, typically to intialise its attributes
ofen called ‘new’

Question 22

what is an object

Answer 22

a specific instance of a class

objects are created based on the structure defined by their class

Question 23

what does OOP stand for
and what is it

Answer 23

Object-Oriented Programming
this is a programming paradigm which classifies real-world objects into classes and encapsulates the object’s attributes and behaviors

Question 24

what are methods in a class

Answer 24

e.g. getters and setters and other subroutines that define the behavior of the object

methods are functions defined within a class that operate on the object’s attributes

Question 25

what is a class in object-oriented programming

Answer 25

a blueprint used to set or define attributes and methods for an object ## Footnote a class is a template for creating objects of a certain type

Question 26

True or false: a class is an object in itself

Answer 26

FALSE ## Footnote a class is not an object; it is a template used to create objects

Question 27

what is an advantage of OOP regarding classes

Answer 27

easy to reuse a class and create multiple objects of that class ## Footnote this reusability simplifies the process of object creation

Question 28

what sign means a private versus a public access modifier

Answer 28

- -means private - +means public

Question 29

how to write an attribute and an example

Answer 29

name followed by data type e.g. #- name: String ## Footnote **(- there to show its a private access modifier)**

Question 30

for the methods: get, and set what are the two different subroutines we use for them and examples for both of them, getting a name or setting a new name

Answer 30

for getters we use a funtion e.g. public function getName() return name end function for setters we use a procedure e.g. public procedure setName(newName) name = newName end procedure

Question 31

what does the 'getter' method do

Answer 31

retrieves the current values of the private attribute

Question 32

when are object orientated techniques best suited to solve problems

Answer 32

when the problems involve modelling real world enitites with properties and behaviours like in games or GUI. by grouping their data and functionality together

Question 33

what is the difference between attribute and methods

Answer 33

attributes represent the state or characteristic of an object e.g button in GUI has properties of size and colour methods represent the actions the object can perform e.g. character being able to more side to side or update their values

Question 34

In the pseudocode examples, how is a new object of the 'Pet' class with the name "Fido" created?

Answer 34

myPet = new Pet("Fido", "Terrier")

Question 35

what is the advantage of inheritance

Answer 35

promotes code usability as it allows classes to take properties from other pre-existing classes without them being rewritten

Question 36

Write a line of code to create an object of type ItemForSale called mushypeas that has a name of “mushy peas” and a price of £0.89

Answer 36

mushypeas=new ItemForSale("mushy peas", 0.89) ItemForSale mushypeas = ItemForSale(“mushy peas”,0.89); mushypeas=ItemForSale((“mushy peas”,0.89);

Question 37

The discount attribute represents a percentage discount on the price. The discount can be between 0 and 50 (inclusive). All new items for sale initially have a discount value of 0. Write the constructor method for the ItemForSale class.

Answer 37

public procedure new(pItemName, pPrice)    itemname = pItemname    price = pPrice    discount = 0 endprocedure

Question 38

write the pseudocode for a fully encapsulated House class with attributes for square footage and number of rooms include a constructor method write a getter and a setter method for number of rooms

Answer 38

class House private squareFootage private rooms public procedure new (givenSquareFootage, givenRooms) squareFootage = givenSquareFootage rooms = givenRooms end procedure public procedure setRooms(newRooms) rooms = newRooms end procedure public function getRooms() return rooms end function end class