TOS A

Question 1

A coordinated group of people who perform tasks to produce good or services, colloquially referred to as companies

Answer 1

Organization

Question 2

Set of propositions that explains or predicts how group and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances

Answer 2

Organizational Theory

Question 3

What are the different kinds of Organizational Theories?

Answer 3

1. Classical Theory
2. Neoclassical Theory (Humanistic & Motivation Theory)
3. Open Systems Theory
4. Modern Organizational Theory
5. Contingency Theory

Question 4

The study of human behavior in organizational settings, focusing on improving productivity and employee well-being.

Answer 4

Industrial Psychology

Question 5

The shared values, beliefs, and practices that shape the behavior of members within an organization.

Answer 5

Organizational Culture

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Herzberg’s two-factor theory distinguishes between _______ and ______.

Answer 6

motivators and hygiene factors

Question 7

What is the focus of behavioral theories in I/O psychology?

Answer 7

They emphasize observable behaviors and the effects of reinforcement on employee performance.

Question 8

Define job satisfaction.

Answer 8

A positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job experiences.

Question 9

What is organizational commitment?

Answer 9

The psychological attachment an employee has to their organization, influencing retention and performance.

Question 10

True or false: Equity theory suggests fairness affects motivation.

Answer 10

TRUE

Employees compare their input-output ratios to those of others.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Social learning theory posits that people learn through _______.

Answer 11

observation

Question 12

What is the Big Five personality traits model?

Answer 12

A framework describing five key dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 13

Keywords associated with Classical Theory

Answer 13

1. Formal
2. Priority towards work
3. Scientific
4. Rational
5. Objective

Question 14

What are the basic components that the Classical Organizational Theory promotes for a company to be able to accomplish its objectives?

Answer 14

1. System of differentiated activities
2. People
3. Cooperation toward a goal
4. Authority

Question 15

Define System of Differentiated Activities

Answer 15

Activities that are linked to each other

Question 16

Purpose of People in Classical Theory?

Answer 16

They perform tasks and exercise authority

Question 17

Define Cooperation toward a goal

Answer 17

The unity of purpose in pursuit of their common goals

Question 18

Define Authority

Answer 18

Ensures cooperation among people pursuing their goals

Question 19

The 4 Major Structural Principles of Classical Organizational Theory

Answer 19

1. Functional Principle
2. Scalar Principle
3. Line/Staff Principle
4. Span-of-control Principle

Question 20

Functional is to ____ as Scalar is to ____

Answer 20

Horizontal; Vertical

Question 21

This principle of Classical theory emphasizes the grouping of similar tasks and roles within an organization to enhance efficiency and specialization.

Answer 21

Functional Principle

Question 22

This principle emphasizes the hierarchy of authority within an organization, ensuring that each level of management has a clear line of command.

Answer 22

Scalar Principle

Question 23

This principle is directly involved in achieving organizational goals & provide support annd expertise.

Answer 23

Line/Staff Principle

Question 24

This function have primary responsibilities for directly meeting the major goals of the organization, like the production department

Answer 24

Line Functions

example: good/products in a manufacturing company

Question 25

This function support the line functions’ activities but are regarded as subsidiary in overall importance to the line functions, like the HR department

Answer 25

Staff Functions | example: HR in manufacturing company

Question 26

This refers to the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising

Answer 26

Span-of-control

Question 27

What is the main difference between a small and large span of control?

Answer 27

Small -- Less people to manage, creating a tall organization (levels of authority) Large -- More people to manage, creating a flat organization (levels of authority)

Question 28

The 4 basic Tenets of Classical Theory (Levy)

Answer 28

1. Organizations exists for **economic reasons** 2. Scientific analysis identigy **one best way** 3. **Specialization and the Division of Labor** to maximize production 4. People and Organizations act in accordancce with the **rational economics principle**

Question 29

This principle posits that individuals consistently make logical, self-interested decisions by weighing costs and benefits to maximize personal utility or satisfaction

Answer 29

The Rational Economic Principle (Rational Choice Theory)

Question 30

What are the branches of the **Classical organizational theory**?

Answer 30

1. **Scientific Management** by Frederick Taylor 2. **Bureaucracy** by Max Weber 3. **Administrative Management** by Henri Fayol

Question 31

Define **Scientific Management** | Branch of Classical Org Theory

Answer 31

- A framework that believes the organization is a machine, a pragmatic machine, whose focus is to simply run more effectively. The People are just parts of this machine. - It main purpose is to find the fastest and effective method of efficiency

Question 32

Define **Bureaucracy** | Branch of Classical Org Theory