PLAB Pharmacology > Toxicities and Side Effects > Flashcards

Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards

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1
Q

what is treatment for acetaminophen?

A
  • N-acetylcysteine
    • replenishes glutathione
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2
Q

what is treatment for AChE inhibitors, organophosphates?

A
  • atropine > pralidoxine
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3
Q

what is treatment for amphetamines (basic)?

A
  • NH4Cl
    • acidify urine
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4
Q

what is treatment for antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents?

A
  • physostigmine
  • control hyperthermia
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5
Q

what is treatment for arsenic?

A
  • dimercaprol
  • succimer
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6
Q

what is treatment for benzodiazepines?

A
  • flumazenil
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7
Q

what is treatment for beta blockers?

A
  • saline
  • atropine
  • glucagon
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8
Q

what is treatment for carbon monoxide?

A
  • 100% O2
  • hyperbaric O2
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9
Q

what is treatment for copper?

A
  • penicillamine
  • trientine
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10
Q

what is treatment for cyanide?

A
  • nitrite + thiosulfate
  • hydroxocobalamin
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11
Q

what is treatment for digitalis (digoxin)?

A
  • anti dig Fab fragments
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12
Q

what is treatment for gold?

A
  • penicillamine
  • dimercaprol (BAL)
  • succimer
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13
Q

what is treatment for heparin?

A
  • protamine sulfate
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14
Q

what is treatment for iron?

A
  • deferoxamine
  • deferasirox
  • deferiprone
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15
Q

what is treatment for lead?

A
  • EDTA
  • dimercaprol
  • succimer
  • penicillamine
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16
Q

what is treatment for Mercury?

A
  • dimercaprol
  • succimer
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17
Q

what is treatment for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)?

A
  • fomepizole > ethanol
  • dialysis
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18
Q

what is treatment for methemoglobin?

A
  • ​methylene blue
  • vitamin C
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19
Q

what is treatment for opioids?

A
  • naloxone
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20
Q

what is treatment for salicylates?

A
  • NaHCO3
    • alkalinize urine
  • dialysis
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21
Q

what is treatment for TCAs?

A
  • NaHCO3
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22
Q

what is treatment for warfarin?

A
  • vitamin K–delayed effect
  • fresh frozen plasma–immediate
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23
Q

causal agents of coronary vasospasm

A
  • cocaine
  • sumatriptan
  • ergot alkaloids
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24
Q

causal agents of cutaneous flushing

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Adenosine
  • Niacin
  • Ca2+ channel blockers
  • Echinocandins
    • VANCE
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25
causal agents of dilated cardiomyopathy
* anthracyclines * ie. doxorubicin, daunorubicin * prevent with dexrazoxane
26
causal agents of torsades de pointes
* anti**A**rrhythmics--class IA, III * anti**B**iotics--macrolides * anti"**C**"ychotics--haloperidol * anti**D**epressants--TCAs * anti**E**metics--ondansetron * **ABCDE**
27
causal agents of adrenocortical insufficiency
* HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
28
causal agents of hot flashes
* Tamoxiden * Clomiphene
29
causal agents of hyperglycemia
* **​T**acrolimus * **P**rotease inhibitors * **N**iacin * **H**CTZ * **C**orticosteroids * "**T**aking **P**ills **N**ecessitates **H**aving blood **C**hecked"
30
causal agents of hypothyroidism
* lithium * amiodarone * sulfonamides
31
causal agents of acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
* erythromycin
32
causal agents of diarrhea
* acamprosate * acarbose * cholinesterase inhibitors * colchicine * erythromycin * ezetimibe * metformin * misoprostol * orlistat * pramlintide * quinidine * SSRIs
33
causal agents of focal to massive hepatic necrosis
* **H**alothan * ***A**manita phalloides--*death cap mushroom * **V**alproic acid * **Ac**etaminophen * liver "**HAVAc**"
34
causal agents of hepatitis
* rifampin * isoniazid * pyrazinamide * statins * fibrates
35
causal agents of pancreatitis
* **D**idanosine * **C**orticosteroids * **A**lcohol * **V**alproic acid * **A**zathioprine * **D**iuretics--furosemide, HCTZ * "**D**rugs **C**ausing **A** **V**iolent **A**bdominal **D**istress"
36
causal agents of pill induced esophagitis
* tetracyclines * bisphosphonates * potassium chloride
37
how is the caustic effect of pill induced esophagitis minimized?
* upright posture * adequate water ingestion
38
causal agents of pseudomembranous colitis
* clindamycin * ampicillin * cephalosporins
39
antibiotics such as clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins predispose to superinfection by...
*C. difficile*
40
causal agents of agranulocytosis
* **C**lozapine * **C**arbamazepine * **P**ropylthiouracil * **M**ethimazole * **C**olchicine * **G**anciclovir * "**C**an **C**ause **P**retty **M**ajor **C**ollapse of **G**ranulocytes"
41
causal agents of aplastic anemia
* **C**arbamazepine * **M**ethimazole * **N**SAIDs * **B**enzene * **C**hloramphenicol * **P**ropylthiouracil * "**C**an't **M**ake **N**ew **B**lood **C**ells **P**roperly"
42
causal agents of direct coombs--positive hemolytic anemia
* methyldopa * penicillin
43
causal agents of Gray baby syndrome
* chloramphenicol
44
causal agents of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
* **I**soniazid * **S**ulfonamides * **D**apsone * **P**rimaquine * **A**spirin * **I**buprofen * **N**itrofurantoin * "Hemolysis **IS D PAIN**"
45
causal agents of megalo**blast**ic anemia
* **P**henytoin * **M**ethotrexate * **S**ulfa drugs * "Having a **blast** with **PMS**"
46
causal agents of thrombocytopenia
* heparin
47
causal agents of thrombotic complications
* OCPs * hormone replacement therapy
48
causal agents of **fat** redistribution
* **P**rotease **I**nhibitors * **G**lucocorticoids * "**Fat PIG**"
49
causal agents of gingival hyperplasia
* phenytoin * Ca2+ channel blockers * cyclosporine
50
causal agents of hyperuricemia (gout)
* **P**yrazinamide * **T**hiazides * **F**urosemide * **N**iacin * **C**yclosporine * **"P**ainful **T**ophi and **F**eet **N**eed **C**are"
51
causal agents of myopathy
* fibrates * niacin * colchicine * hydroxychloroquine * interon alpha * penicillamine * statins * glucocorticoids
52
causal agents of osteoporosis
* corticosteroids * heparin
53
causal agents of **photo**sensitivity
* **S**ulfonamides * **A**miodarone * **T**etracyclines * 5-**F**U * "**SAT F**or **Photo**"
54
causal agents for rash (**Steven**s-**Johnson** syndrome)
* anti-**epileptic** drugs (especially lamotrigine) * **all**opurinol * **sulfa drugs** * **penicillin** * **​"Steven Johnson** has **epileptic all**ergy to **sulfa drugs** and **penicillin**"
55
causal agents for SLE like syndrome
* **S**ulfa drugs * **H**ydralazine * **I**soniazid * **P**rocainamide * **P**henytoin * **E**tanercept * "having lupus is **SHIPP-E**"
56
causal agents for teeth discoloration
* tetracyclines
57
causal agents for tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage
* fluoroquinolones
58
causal agents for cinchonism
* quinidine * quinine
59
causal agents for Parkinson like syndrome
* **A**ntipsychotics * **R**eserpine * **M**etoclopramide * "Cogwheel rigidity of **ARM**"
60
causal agents of **seizures**
* **I**soniazid (vitamin B6 deficiency) * **B**upropion * **I**mipenem/cilastatin * **T**ramadol * **E**nflurane * "With **seizures, I BITE** my tongue"
61
causal agents of tardive dyskinesia
* antipsychotics * metoclopramide
62
causal agents of diabetes insipidus
* lithium * demeclocycline
63
causal agents of Fanconi syndrome
* Tenofovir * ifosfamide
64
causal agents of hemorrhagic cystitis
* cyclophosphamide * ifosfamide
65
how could you prevent hemorrhagic cystitis that may result from taking cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide?
coadminister with mesna
66
causal agents of interstitial nephritis
* methicillin * NSAIDs * furosemide
67
causal agents of SIADH
* **C**arbamazepine * **C**yclophosphamide * **SS**RIs * "**C**an't **C**oncentrate **S**erum **S**odium"
68
causal agents of dry cough
* ACE inhibitors
69
causal agents of pulmonary fibrosis
* **M**ethotrexate * **N**itrofurantoin * **C**armustine * **B**leomycin * **B**usulfan * **A**mioarone * "**M**y **N**ose **C**annot **B**reathe **B**ad **A**ir"
70
causal agents of antimuscarinic reactions
* atropine * TCAs * H1 blockers * antipsychotics
71
causal agents of disulfiram like reaction
* metronidazole * certain cephalosporins * griseofulvin * procarbazine * 1st generation sulfonylureas
72
causal agents of nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
* aminoglycosides * vancomycin * loop diuretics * cisplatin
73
cisplatin--toxicity antidote
* cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine
74
cytochrome P-450 interaction inducers (+)
* **chronic alcohol** use * **St.** John's wort * **Phen**ytoin * **Phen**obarbital * **Ne**virapine * **R**ifampin * **Gr**iseofulvin * **Carb**amazepine * "**Chronic alcohol**ics **St**eal **Phen-Phen** and **Ne**ver **R**efuse **Gr**easy **Carb**s"
75
cytochrome P-450 interaction substrates
* **A**nti-epileptics * **T**heophylline * **W**arfarin * **O**CPs * "**A**lways **T**hink **W**hen **O**utdoors"
76
cytochrome P-450 interaction inhibitors (-)
* **A**cute **A**lcohol **A**buse * **R**itonavir * **A**miodarone * **C**imetidine/ciprofloxacin * **K**etoconazole * **S**ulfonamides * Isoniazid (**IN**H) * **G**rapefruit juice * **Q**uinidine * **M**acrolides (except azithromycin) * "**AAA RACKS IN GQ M**agazine"
77
name the sulfa drugs
* **S**ulfonamide antibiotics * **S**ulfasalazine * **P**robenecid * **F**urosemide * **A**cetazolamide * **C**elecoxib * **T**hiazides * **S**ulfonylureas * "**S**cary **S**ulfa **P**harm **FACTS**"
78
sulfa allergy reactions
* fever * urinary tract infection * Stevens Johnson syndrome * hemolytic anemia * thrombocytopenia * agranulocytosis * urticaria (hives) * symptoms range from mild to life threatening
PLAB Pharmacology
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