1
Q
DLF lesion
A
Ipsi loss of P+T, total of 3 segment , affected level + 2 below
2
Q
NP lesion
A
Ipsi loss of P+T, 2 segment down only
3
Q
VWC lesion
A
Bilateral loss of P+T, 2 segment down only
4
Q
LSTT lesion
A
Contra loss of P+T, 2 segment, 2 segments and all below
5
Q
FC lesion
A
T6 and above
6
Q
FG lesion
A
Below T6
7
Q
Coricospinal Tract before cross lesion
A
Contra spasticity
8
Q
Corticospinal tract after cross
A
Ipsi spasticity
9
Q
Corticospinal tract V horn lesion
A
Ipsi flaccidity
10
Q
Corticospinal tract LMN
A
Ipsi flaccidity
11
Q
Lesion of reticular formation lesion
A
Cornea/death
12
Q
Dorsal root
A
Sensory information
13
Q
Ventral roots
A
Motor information
14
Q
Lesion nucleus ambiguous
A
Dysphonia/dysphagia/
15
Q
Lesion dorsal cochlear
A
Hearing loss
16
Q
Lesion olivocerebellar fibers
A
Contra alaxia
17
Q
UMNs
A
Start in higher centers of the CNS cerebral cortex and make up the Corticospinal tract (CST)
18
Q
Corticospinal tract
A
Travels from the cerebral cortex to the spinal
19
Q
Upper motor neurons
A
Send “command” to lower motor neurons (LMNs)
20
Q
Hyperflexia
A
Body’s reflexes are more pronounced /exaggerated than normal, which can result in strong jerky movements
21
Q
Lesion to UMNs
A
Spasticity paralysis or paresis, characterized by hyperreflexia and hypertonia
22
Q
Hypertonia
A
Means that the muscles reflexes are more pronounced than normal, which can result in strong jerky movement
23
Q
Lower mother neurons
A
Start in the spinal cord and brainstem and controlled by upper motor neurons
24
Q
Lower motor neuron function
A
Directly synapse with muscles and command to contract via cranial and spinal nerves
25
Lesion injury to LMN
Leads to flaccid paralysis /paresis characterized by hyperflexia and hypotonia
26
Dorsal columns / medial lemniscus pathway
Deep sensibility pathway
27
Dorsal columns
Carries sensory information for conscious proprioception, vibration sense, discrimination/fine touch, crude touch , and stereognosis
28
Spinocerebellar tracts
Carry proprioception information from lower body to the Ipsilateral cerebellum (coordinates movement and maintain balance)
29
Spinocerebellar tracts lesion
Leads to ataxia
30
Spinothalmic tract
Carry censors information for pain and temperature contralaterally
31
Dorsolateral fasciculus
Carries the primary afferents for Ipsi loss of pain and temperature stimuli
32
Lateral spinothalkmic tract
Carries secondary affrents for contralateral pain and temperature
33
Ventral spinothalmic tract
Carries secondary affrents for contralateral pain and temperature stimuli
34
What 2 tracts run together and are called the anterolateral or (ventrolateral) system
Lateral and ventral spinothalmic tract
35
Conscious proprioception / vibration sense / fine touch/ stereogenesis
36
Pain and temperature sensation
37
Corticospinal tracts (pyramidal tracts)
Contains UMN, mostly involved in voluntary movement.
38
What does the Corticospinal tract include
Lateral Corticospinal tract and the ventral Corticospinal tract
39
Lateral Corticospinal tract
Lateral Corticospinal tract affect ipsilateral muscles by synapsing onto lower motor neurons in the ventral horn or onto interneurons which then synapse onto the lower motor neurons
40
Lesion to the lateral Corticospinal tract
Ipsilateral spasticity
41
Ventral Corticospinal tract lesion
Causes contralateral core weakness
42
Ventral corticospinal tract
Descends to the appropriate level and then cross at the VWC to synapse into interneurons or directly onto the lower motor neurons
43
Syringomyelia
Leads to bilateral segmental loss of pain and temperature sensation two levels below the lesion only
44
Medial lemniscus
Carry sensory information for conscious proprioception, vibration sense, fine touch (discrimination touch) and stereo genesis
45
Primary affrents fasciculus cuneatus (medulla)
Secondary affrents nucleus cuneatus
46
Primary affrents faciculus gracilis (medulla)
Secondary affrents nucleus gracilis
47
Anterolateral system /spinothalmic tract
Carry sensory information for contralateral pain and temperature sensation
48
Spinothalmic tract (medulla)
Carry secondary affrents for pain and temperature on the contralateral half of the body to the thalamus
49
Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
The primary affrents of pain and temperature from ipsilateral face and other areas of the head enter the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
50
Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) medulla
The primary affrents of spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve synapse with secondary afferents in the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal (mid pons - c5)
51
Pyramid
Contain Corticospinal fibers to contralateral half of the body
52
Pyramidal decussation
85% of corticospinal fibers cross to form the lateral Corticospinal tract the other 15% of Corticospinal tract do not cross and form the central ventral Corticospinal tract
53
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
A tract connecting cranial nerve nuclei and autonomic centers to coordinate vestibular input as well as head neck and eye movements. Connect with cranial nerve that allow synchronous movement of both eyes
54
Lesion to Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Causes internuclear opthalmoplegia (disconnect between the abductor of one eye and the adductor of the other)
55
Reticular formation
Diffuse area in the brainstem with small nuclei and fibers. And is involved in autonomic functions, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, and includes cardiovascular and respiratory centers
56
Reticular activating system
Aids in maintaining appropriate levels of consciousness and alertness by monitoring stimuli and determine what gets to consciousness levels
57
Lesion of reticular formation
May lead to coma or death
58
Deep sensibility T6 down
59
Deep sensibility T6 up
60
Pain and temperature (2 levels above)
61
Pain and temperature in face
62
Middle medulla
63
Nucleus ambiguus
Motor nucleus to the Ipsilateral muscles of the larynx , pharynx and palate, through the glosspharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X), and accessory (CN XI) nerves
64
Vagus CN X and CN XI
Innervates the laryngeal (voice) pharyngeal (swallow) and palatal (soft palate) muscles by means of the vagus
65
Vestibular nuclei
Four vestibular nuclei that receive afferents from the vestibulochlear nerve (CN VIII) for balance and equilibrium
66
Solitary tract and nucleus
Receives taste fibers from the facial nerve (CN VII) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and vagus nerve
67
Solitary tract and nucleus involvement
Involved in afferents autonomic limb or visceral reflex’s of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system
68
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle
69
Lesion of the nucleus ambiguus or CN X
Leads to dysphonia (hoarness/ difficulty speaking) dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and uvula deviation to the good side due to ipsilateral paralysis of the Innervated muscles
70
Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve
The primary affront of pain and temperature from ipsilateral face and other areas of the head enter the spinal tracts of the trigeminal nerve (mid pons - c5)
71
Primary affrents of the spinal tracts of the trigeminal nerve synapses with…
Secondary afferent of the nucleus of the spinal tracts of the trigeminal (mid pons - c5)
72
The secondary affrent cross the midline and form the trigeminal lemniscus…
trigeminal lemniscus carries secondary affrent of pain and temperature from contralateral face, and ends at the thalamus
73
Where is the Hypoglossal nucleus located
Under the Hypoglossal trigone
74
What cell bodies do the Hypoglossal nucleus contain
Lower motor neurons to ipsi tongue muscles
75
Location of dorsal motor muscles of the vagus
Located under vagus trigone
Neuro NCC
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Decks in class (8)
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