systematic transcription
BROAD: phonological detail, doesn’t maximise the potential of IPA, ignores some details
impressionistic transcription
NARROW: includes as much as poss detail from IPA
Thomas Wright Hill’s system
analphabetic. top number = upper articulator
bottom number = lower articulator
line = manner
pros of IPA
easy
standardised
flexible
cons of IPA
makes assumptions of consonants and vowels
doesn’t include info about voice qual, pitch, loudness
no consistent relationship between letters and sounds