y = f(x) + 3
translation 3 in the y direction
y = f(x+3)
translation -3 in the x direction
y = 3f(x)
stretch of scale factor 3 in the y direction
y = f(3)
stretch of scale factor 1/3 in the x direction
y = -f(x)
reflection in the x axis
y = f(-x)
reflection in the y axis