Translation

Question 1

protein synthesis

Answer 1

• • The amino acid sequence is determined by the specific order of nucleotides in the gene
  • code consists of three sequential bases (triplet code)

Question 2

Codons

Answer 2

Nucleotised read in groups of three

4x4x4= 64 possibilities

Amino acids have more than one codon

be able to read chart, not memorize

Question 3

Role of RNA

Answer 3

RNA is the “go-between” molecules that links DNA to proteins

Question 4

where is RNA formed

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

tRNA have…

Answer 5

special areas that contain a specific triplet code (anticodon) that allows each tRNA to carry only a specific amino acid

Question 6

Ribosome composition

Answer 6

composed of RNA and proteins which fold together to form the final structure

Question 7

Translation Initiation

Answer 7

1. small Ribo subunit bind with mRNA and guides it to start codon AUG
2. proteins called initiation factors bring large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex

simplified: The ribosome and other factors scan the mRNA’s 5’ UTR to find the AUG initiator codon.

Question 8

Translation elongation

Answer 8

1. the ribosomes move along mRNA reading codon and adding assoc Amino Acids to growing poly peptide chain

Question 9

Translation Termination

Answer 9

A stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is encountered, and the polypeptide is released from the ribosome

Question 10

Ribosomal recycling

Answer 10

the ribosome dissociates into subunits and is ready to start again

Question 11

mRNA degredation

Answer 11

After many ribosomes have finished translating, the mRNA is degraded so the nucleotides can be reused

Question 12

Protein modification

Answer 12

The newly made polypeptide usually needs to be folded and modified before it can become an active protein