Trauma

Question 1

Hard signs of vascular injury

Answer 1

No pulse distal to injury
Pulsatile bleeding
Expanding haematoma
Bruit or thrill at injury site
Unexplained shock with traumatic injury

Question 2

Soft signs of vascular injury

Answer 2

Diminished pulses distal to injury site (compare to other side)
Stable haematoma
Proximity to major vessels
Peripheral nerve deficit
History of haemorrhage at the scene
Suspicious/high risk fracture or dislocation