Trauma Study Guide

Question 1

What is the main function of the small intestine

Answer 1

Nutrient digestion and absorption

Question 2

Function of the liver

Answer 2

Detoxification, bile production, metabolism regulation

Question 3

Function of the gallbladder

Answer 3

Stores and releases bile

Question 4

What connects kidneys to bladder

Answer 4

Ureters

Question 5

Dysuria

Answer 5

Painful urinating

Question 6

What hormone lowers blood glucose

Answer 6

Insulin

Question 7

What hormone raises blood glucose

Answer 7

Glucagon

Question 8

Which gland controls metabolism

Answer 8

Thyroid gland

Question 9

Signs of hypoglycemia

Answer 9

Confusion, sweating, tachycardia, seizures

Question 10

Polyuria

Answer 10

Excessive urination

Question 11

Polydipsia

Answer 11

Excessive thirst

Question 12

What happens in anemia

Answer 12

Reduced oxygen delivery due to low RBCs

Question 13

Why is sickle cell dangerous

Answer 13

Misshaped cells block blood flow

Question 14

what is sickle cell

Answer 14

inherited blood disorder where red blood cells become rigid, sticky, and C-shaped

Question 15

Four routes of toxin exposure

Answer 15

Inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption

Question 16

Why do opioids cause respiratory failure

Answer 16

Depress respiratory center in brain

Question 17

Carbon monoxide poisoning effect

Answer 17

Prevents oxygen from binding hemoglobin

Question 18

Antigen

Answer 18

Substance triggering immune response

Question 19

Function of cerebellum

Answer 19

Coordination and balance

Question 20

Function of brainstem

Answer 20

Controls breathing and heart rate

Question 21

Function of cerebrum

Answer 21

Thought, sensation, voluntary movement

Question 22

What causes a stroke

Answer 22

Interrupted blood flow to brain

Question 23

What is a seizure

Answer 23

Abnormal electrical activity in brain

Question 24

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) definition

Answer 24

Temporary stroke symptoms without permanent damage

Question 25

Postictal state

Answer 25

Confusion after seizure

Question 26

Ischemia

Answer 26

Lack of blood flow

Question 27

Aphasia

Answer 27

Difficulty speaking or understanding speech

Question 28

What is Kehr’s sign

Answer 28

Acute shoulder pain caused by irritation of the diaphragm from abdominal bleeding

Question 29

Dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm symptom

Answer 29

Tearing abdominal pain radiating to the back

Question 30

What happens during an abdominal aortic aneurysm dissection

Answer 30

The layers of the aorta separate, allowing blood to flow between layers and worsen the tear.

Question 31

Pain traveling from the lateral hip to the groin suggests injury to which organs

Answer 31

Kidneys or ureters

Question 32

Common organs injured in blunt abdominal trauma

Answer 32

Liver Spleen Kidneys Pancreas

Question 33

How much blood loss equals about 20% blood volume in an adult

Answer 33

About 2 pints (1 liter)

Question 34

Patient with left shoulder pain after abdominal trauma — suspected injury

Answer 34

Splenic injury with internal bleeding

Question 35

What are key signs of hypoperfusion

Answer 35

Tachycardia with Tachypnea Hypotension Cold, clammy, pale skin

Question 36

Common medical causes of internal hemorrhage

Answer 36

-Bleeding ulcers -Colon bleeding -Ruptured ectopic pregnancy -Aneurysms

Question 37

What is anisocoria

Answer 37

Unequal pupil size; may indicate neurological deficit

Question 38

Late abdominal signs of internal bleeding

Answer 38

Pain Guarding Distention or rigidity Ecchymosis

Question 39

Care if globe contents are exposed

Answer 39

-Apply moist sterile dressing -Cover with protective cup -Dress both eyes

Question 40

What is hyphema

Answer 40

Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 41

What is a blow-out fracture

Answer 41

Fracture of orbital floor supporting the globe

Question 42

What is epistaxis

Answer 42

Nosebleed

Question 43

What are turbinates

Answer 43

Bones in nasal cavity that humidify air

Question 44

What is exsanguination

Answer 44

Severe blood loss

Question 45

Signs of basilar skull fracture

Answer 45

-CSF drainage -Raccoon eyes -Battle sign (mastoid bruising

Question 46

What is crepitus

Answer 46

Grinding sensation from broken bone ends

Question 47

What is ecchymosis

Answer 47

Bruising caused by bleeding under skin; possible internal hemorrhage

Question 48

Simple pneumothorax definition

Answer 48

Air in pleural space

Question 49

Tension pneumothorax signs

Answer 49

-JVD -Shock -Tracheal deviation -Absent breath sounds -Respiratory distress

Question 50

Rebound tenderness indicates what

Answer 50

Peritonitis (inflammation of the inner lining of the abdomen)

Question 51

Peritonitis definition

Answer 51

Inflammation of peritoneum due to organ leakage

Question 52

evisceration

Answer 52

the removal of internal organs (disembowelment)

Question 53

Intracerebral hematoma

Answer 53

Bleeding within brain tissue

Question 54

Injury at C4 affects what

Answer 54

Diaphragm breathing

Question 55

C5–C6 injury result

Answer 55

Quadriplegia

Question 56

L1 injury result

Answer 56

Paraplegia

Question 57

Deadly dozen

Answer 57

-Pulmonary Contusion -Oesophageal Injury -Diaphragmatic Tear/Rupture -Traumatic Aortic Disruption -Myocardial Contusion -Tracheobronchial Injury: -Flail Chest -Cardiac Tamponade -Massive Hemothorax: -Open Pneumothorax -Tension Pneumothorax -Airway Obstruction

Question 58

Hemoptysis

Answer 58

Cough up blood

Question 59

commotio cordis definition/ may cause

Answer 59

sudden cardiac arrest caused by a blunt blow to the chest that disrupts the heart’s electrical system may cause a heart attack