IWS1 > Trentino* > Flashcards

Trentino* Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Trentino’s history shape its modern wine industry?

A

Consider the influence of sequence of civilizations: Etruscans, Romans, the Germanic past of the Holy Roman Empire, monasteries during Hapsburg control in medieval times, rise of cooperatives under Hapsburg control in 1900’s.

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2
Q

What is the impact of German and Austrian influence on Trentino’s wine industry?

A

This impact stems from several factors:Historical Rulers, Geographical Proximity, Grape Varieties and Trade Relations.

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3
Q

What are the factors that influence the Trentino’s climate and how the region is divided climatically?

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4
Q

How is Trentino’s growing area sub-divided and what makes the divisions different from each other (soils, climate, elevations, grape varieties, etc.)?

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5
Q

Describe the topography and soils of Trentino’s winegrowing areas.

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6
Q

What is the influence of rivers, lakes and valleys on viticultural practices in Trentino?

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7
Q

How has the vineyard landscape and the current most planted varieties in Trentino changed over time?

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8
Q

What are the grape varieties utilized for Trentino’s “need to know” appellations?

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9
Q

What is the origin and history of Trentino’s “need to know” grape varieties?

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10
Q

Which varieties are used for still, sparkling and dessert wines in Trentino?

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11
Q

Which wines allow blending partners and which must be 100% varietal in Trentino?

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12
Q

What are the permissible wine styles (still, sparkling, dessert, etc.) of the “need to know” appellations in Trentino?

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13
Q

What winemaking techniques are specific to “need to know” appellations in Trentino?

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14
Q

What are the legally permissible blending formulas of the “need to know” appellations in Trentino?

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15
Q

Where are the “need to know” appellations situated within Trentino’s sub-regions?

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16
Q

Describe the climate, topography and geology of the “need to know” appellations in Trentino.

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17
Q

Whatis the capital of Trentino?

A

Trento [contrast with Bolzano for Alto Adige]

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18
Q

What is Bolzano?

A

Capital city for Alto Adige.

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19
Q

What is Südtirol?

A

German term for Alto Adige, meaning South Tyrol

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20
Q

What is South Tyrol?

A

Südtirol, a former Austrian territory incorporated into Italy after WWI

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21
Q

How do the people of Trentino - Alto Adige identify with the Italian nation?

A

people from Trentino identifies with Italy; Alto Adige has more in common with Austria than Italy, but the people self-identify as Tyrollean (“insular.”)

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22
Q

When did wine trade from Trentino expand north of the Alps?

A

92 CE, Roman emperor Domitian prohibited wine trade from north to south on the Italian Peninsula, breaking the existing ties to Rome. [Think wine tariffs.]

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23
Q

Wine in Trentino dates back to what era?

A

ancient Etruscan wine amphora date to 7th century BCE

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24
Q

When did Trentino - Alto Adige become incorporated into Italy?

A

Trentino and Alto Adige were annexed after WWI; administratively, Alto Adige was combined with Trentino after WWII

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25
What is the quality pyramid in Trentino?
80% DOC [contrast with Alto Adige at 98%]
26
What is Tridentum?
Roman city at site of present day Trento, economic and political center of the region
27
What was the commercial effect on wine making in Trentino while controlled by Austro-Hungarian Empire?
beneficial in terms of viticulture, viniculture and exports
28
What is the Fondazione Edmund Mach?
agricultural research center started in 1874 in northern Trentino at the former monastery San Michele all'Adige
29
What regions border Trentino?
Lombardia (W/SW), Veneto (E/SE), Alto Adige (N)
30
Name the 4 principal rivers of Trentino and where they empty.
Adige into Adriatic, Sarca into Lake Garda, Avisio into Adige, Brenta into Adriatic [Sarca>Garda]
31
What is the second longest river in Italy?
Adige River
32
What is the difference between limestone and Dolomite?
Dolomite contains high level of magnesium (11%)
33
How is Trentino divided climatically?
southern part is Mediterranean; central part is semi-continental; Tributary/Transversal Valleys is alpine
34
What climatic factor in Trentino-Alto Adige limits viticulture of red grapes?
fall rains force early picking
35
What is the Ora del Garda?
a thermal wind, on Lake Garda. It's a southerly wind that develops on sunny days, in the spring and summer months. The wind is driven by the heating of the lake and mountains, creating a pressure difference that draws air from the south.
36
Where is Val de Cembra?
valley formed by Avisio River, just northeast of Trento, which flows into Adige River [ACA]
37
What are the wine growing districts of Valadige?
along Adige River: Campo Rotaliano (N) and Vallagarina (S) (Rotaliano Plain and Lagarina Valley)
38
Where is Valle dei Laghi?
formed by Sarca River north of Lake Garda
39
Where is Val Sugana?
formed by Brento River; southeast of Trento [sugarbear]
40
What are the native and traditional need to know white grapes in Trentino?
Nosiola
41
What are the native and traditional need to know red grapes in Trentino?
Teroldego and Marzemino
42
What are the international need to know white grapes in Trentino?
Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Müller-Thurgau
43
What are the international need to know red grapes in Trentino?
none
44
What is mix of red/white grapes in Trentino?
now 70% white (historically was red)
45
What is the significance of Tenuta San Leonardo?
produces premium Bordeaux blends in Trentino (others international reds are easy drinking)
46
When did production of red/white grapes flip in Trentino?
1980's with varietal Chardonnay and Pinot Grigio
47
What is the genetic origin of Müller-Thurgau?
cross between Riesling and Madeleine Royale
48
What wine is associated with Nosiola?
Vino Santo; dry versions are also made
49
What wine growing district is associated with Nosiola?
Valle dei Laghi (Vino Santo) [vinO santo TrentinO]
50
What is the most planted grape in Trentino?
Chardonnay, introduced at end of 19th century [only region where most planted grape is international?]
51
What wine growing district is associated with Müller-Thurgau?
Val de Cembra (Aviso River) and city of Faedo
52
What is the most harvested grape in Trentino?
Pinot Grigio (second most widely planted after Chardonnay]
53
Marzemino is native to where?
Vallagrina
54
Teroldego is native to where?
Trentino's Rotaliano (sandy) Plain
55
Describe the topographic breakdown of Trentino.
mostly mountain (70% at high altitude)
56
What is the main influence of the climate in the southern part of Trentino?
The moderation effects of Lake Guarda create a Mediterranean climate
57
What is the climate in Val Sugana?
Alpine climate in a transversal valley in Trentino
58
What is the climate in Val di Cembra?
Alpine climate in a tributary valley in Trentino
59
What is the climate in Valdadige?
Semi-continental with a gradual transition from an Alpine climate to a Mediterranean one from north to south.
60
What is the climate in Valle dei Laghi?
Mediterranean climate in Trentino due to moderation effect of Lake Garda
61
Where is rainfall higher in Trentino?
southern part
62
How does altitude influence rainfall in Trentino?
higher altitude gets more rain
63
When does rain occur in Trentino? how does it affect viticulture?
spring and fall; fall rain forces early picking and suboptimal maturity with less cultivation of red grapes
64
What are the historically important red grapes in Trentino?
Schiava, Teroldego, Marezzino and Enantio [STEM]
65
Where are dry versions of Nosiola made?
Valdadige
66
What is significance of the genetics of Teroldego?
related to Dureza, parent of Syrah
67
Which grape is known as the "Prince of Trentino"?
Teroldego
68
What is most important wine area of Trentino?
Valdadige, 80% of vineyards
69
What is Pergola Trentina?
traditional, local, over-head training system with an inclined wire support
70
What are the advantages of Pergola Trentina?
capture sunshine and ensure ventilation
71
What is most important appellation in Trentino in terms of volume?
Trentino DOC
72
What is most important appellation in Trentino in terms of different styles of wine produced?
Trentino DOC
73
Name a large regional DOC in Trentino?
Trentino DOC
74
What is the role of single varietals in Trentino DOC?
great majority of production, 85% minimum for variety, except for 100% for Gewurztraminer and a few others.
75
How many sub-zones are in Trentino DOC?
7
76
What are the need to know sub-zones in Trentino DOC?
T. Vino Santo, T. Vino Santo Superiore, T. Marzemino Superiore Isera, T. Marzemino Superiore Ziresi
77
Who is Foradori?
Elisabetta Foradori, pioneer producer of high quality wine in Teroldego Rotarian DOC [P]
78
What is the meaning of Ziresi?
cherry trees in Trentino dialect
79
What style wines are made in Teroldego Rotaliano DOC
dry, still, red and rose from Teroldego
80
Who is Ferrari?
Giulio Ferrari, oenologist in Trentino, that pioneered high quality bottle fermented sparkling wine starting 1902 [P)
81
What was first Italian DOC dedicated exclusively to traditional method sparkling wine?
Trento DOC (1993)
82
Trento DOC overlaps with what appellation?
Trentino DOC
83
What are the main grapes used in Trento DOC?
Chardonnay and Pinot Nero (Pinot Blanc and/or Meunier are also allowed)
84
What are lees aging requirements in Trento DOC?
15/24/36 months: NV/vintage (Millesimato)/Riserva [like Franciacorta, more than Champagne for NV aging]
85
What are the primary IGT's in Trentino?
Vigneti delle Dolomiti IGT, inter-regional (Trentino, Alto Adige, part of Veneto) appellation
86
What quality wines come from Vigneti delle Dolomiti IGT?
Bordeaux blends and single varietals
87
Trentino's wine industry is dominated by what type of producer?
cooperatives
88
What is the most planted red grape in Trentino?
Teroldego or Merlot (6%)
89
What is the history of cooperatives in Trentino?
local independent grassroot effort dating from early 1900's as opposed to governmental sponsored organization as in other regions
90
How is the focus of cooperatives in Trentino different from other regions?
strong focus on quality, even to the extent of single vineyard bottlings
91
Müller-Thurgau is a need to know grape in what region?
both Trentino (Val de Cemba) and Alto Adige (Isarco Valley and Venosta Valley)
92
What is the difference between Isarco and Sarco
Isarco River flows into Adige River in Alto Adige; Sarco river flows into Lake Garda
93
Where are most of the Trentino's vineyards found?
on the valley floor [contrast with Alto Adige: hillsides, floor reserved for apples]
94
What is the difference between chalk and limestone?
"Chalk" is a variety of "limestone" which is composed primarily of the shells of single-celled, calcium carbonate secreting creatures. Limestone, but not chalk, is a soil in Trentino
95
How much of Trentino wine is made by cooperatives?
85%
96
Compare cooperatives in Trentino to those in Alto Adige.
They are fewer in number and larger in size.
97
What was the origin of wine cooperative formation in Trentino?
It was done locally from a position of strength to better serve local demand and northern export markets. (Contrast with other Italian regions where cooperatives were created by the central government to subsidize growers or stabilize the agricultural economy.)
98
When did wine cooperatives form in Trentino?
Early 1900's, some of Italy's very first
99
What is the role of small estate wineries in Trentino during the last 30 years?
Their number has been increasing which has incentivized cooperatives to increase the quality emphasis to the point of offering single vineyard bottlings.
100
When did Romans gain control of Trentino?
15 BCE
101
When was the region of Northeast Italy first divided administratively into present day Trentino and Alto Adige?
During the Roman reign of Cesaer Augustus.
102
After the fall of the Roman Empire, how was northeast Italy divided?
The Lombard Germanic tribe settled the Duchy of Trento and the Bavarians settled Alto Adige.
103
Who was Edmund Mach and what was his influence on wine in Trentino?
Edmund Mach was the first director of the Institute Agrarian de San Michele all'Adige in Trentino in 1874, an agricultural school and research center.
104
Who was Giulio Ferrari and what was his influence on wine in Trentino?
He developed the sparkling wine industry in Trento DOC.
105
Who were the Cesconi Family and what was their influence on wine in Trentino?
They championed indigenous varieties, especially Nosiola
106
Who was Barone de Cles and what was his influence on wine in Trentino?
The family's vineyard has been in their possession since 1614 and has been planted with the native Teroldego varietal since the 1500s. By preserving these older plantings, the vineyard has also helped to save different Teroldego clones that might have otherwise gone extinct.
107
Who is Elisabetta Foradori and what was her influence on wine in Trentino?
She is a top producer, dedicated to the concept of biodynamic viticulture with a focus on three varieties particular to Trentino – Teroldego, Manzoni Bianco and Nosiola.
108
Who was Celestino Lucin and what was his influence on wine in Trentino?
In 2009, Italy’s influential Gambero Rosso named Celestino Lucin, the enologist at Abbazia di Novacella, Winemaker of the Year. Winery noted for mineral driven white wines (especially Kerner.)
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