What causes TB?
Mycobacterium
How is TB transmitted?
Airborne
Can TB stay dormant?
Yes, dormant for years until immunity weakens.
Major risk factors for TB?
Close contact, homeless/low-income, immunocompromised (HIV, chemo, kidney disease, DM), crowded places (prison, LTC), older age, foreign travel, substance use.
What is the Mantoux (PPD) test?
Intradermal skin test, read at 48–72 hrs.
What does a positive PPD mean?
Induration ≥10 mm (≥5 mm if immunocompromised).
What confirms ACTIVE TB?
AFB sputum smear & culture.
Symptoms of active TB?
Persistent cough, purulent/bloody sputum, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats, low-grade fever.
Atypical TB symptoms in older adults?
Confusion, unusual behavior, fever, anorexia, weight loss.
Lung sounds in TB?
Bronchial breath sounds + crackles.
What isolation precaution is used for TB?
Airborne isolation (N95 + negative-pressure room).
What should the client wear when transported?
Surgical mask.
Key nursing care for TB?
O2 PRN, monitor sputum, lung sounds, fluids, high protein/iron/vitamin C, collect sputum.
First-line TB meds (4)?
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol.
How long is TB treatment?
6–12 months.
When is a TB client no longer infectious?
After 3 negative sputum cultures.
How often are sputum cultures needed during treatment?
Every 2–4 weeks.
Family teaching for TB?
All exposed get tested, complete meds, follow-up 1 year, hand hygiene, mask in public.
What nutrients help TB recovery?
Protein, iron, vitamin C.
What PPE should nurses wear for TB?
N95
What room type is needed for TB?
Negative-pressure room
