Tuberculosis FINAL

Question 1

What causes Tuberculosis/TB?

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Airborne droplets inhaled

Question 2

TB Risk Factors

Answer 2

• Frequent contact with untreated person
• Immunocompromised
• Living in crowded areas
• Older homeless adults
• IVDU or ETOH abusers
• Lower socioeconomic status
• Foreign immigrants

Question 3

TB Labs & Diagnostics

Answer 3

-NAA test - secretions
-Sputum culture
-BCG vaccine & chest Xray - think about Yule
-Tuberculin (Mantoux) test - skin test
-Blood analysis - QuantiFERON-TB Gold (what I had for the program)

Question 4

Most accurate and rapid (<2 hrs) TB test; tests secretions

Answer 4

NAA test

Question 5

PPD given intradermally in forearm.

Site is read after 48 hours, but after 72 hours is best. Only area of raised swelling is measured, not redness.

Site greater than or equal to 10mm diameter = positive for exposure or latent TB

Immunocompromised pts its 5mm *

Answer 5

Tuberculin (Mantoux) test

Question 6

Vaccine given to children overseas. PPD will be positive; requires blood analysis or chest X-ray.

Answer 6

BCG vaccine

Question 7

Confirms diagnosis; can take up 4 weeks for valid results

Answer 7

Sputum culture

Question 8

Nursing Care for TB pts

Answer 8

-Promote airway clearance by increasing fluids, using incentive spirometer, TCBD
-Decrease drug resistance and infection spread
-Airborne precautions in hospital
-No airborne precautions at home; but family should be tested
-Drug compliance is very important
-Improve nutrition
-Manage fatigue and anxiety

Question 9

Symptom screening - at this time, do you have any of these symptoms?

1. Coughing for more than 2-3 weeks?
2. Coughing up blood?
3. Weight loss of more than 10 pounds for no known reason?
4. Fever of 100 degrees Fahrenheit for over 2 weeks?
5. Unusual of heavy sweating at night?
6. Unusual weakness or extreme fatigue?

Answer 9

Standard screening questions for TB

Question 10

Self management education for TB

Answer 10

No longer contagious after 2-3 weeks of strict adherence to drug regimen & clinical improvement is seen. However, must continue w/ the prescribed drugs for 6 months or longer as prescribed.