What is the shape of salmonella
rod shaped, gram-neg (red or pink) bacteria
what family is salmonella apart of
enterobacteriaceae
what are the characteristics of salmonella (include 3)
non-spore forming (makes no spores), motile (can move on its own), flagella (tiny tails that let motile bacteria (microorganisms) move through liquids.
what is the main species of salmonella bacteria that often causes illness in humans and animals
salmonella enterica
what are chemotrophs
get energy from chemicals such as oxidation/reduction rxns (not sunlight)
what does facultative anaerobes mean
can live with oxygen (aerobic) or without oxygen (anaerobic)
what is intracellular pathogens
bacteria that can live and multiply inside host cells
what is typhoidal salmonella
infects only humans, can spread in bloodstream and organs and secrete endotoxins
-only transferred between humans
what is non-typhoidal salmonella (they are zoonotic-think of animals)
can move between humans and animals
what is salmonellosis
infection that is the most common cause of food poisoning (eating things with feces)
when do symptoms appear and how long does it last
12-36 hours after exposure and last 2-7 days
what can a more severe case of salmonella lead to (like a symptom)
dehydration especially in weakened immune systems
how to treat salmonellosis
-oral rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes after vomitting etc
-antibiotics may be used in severe cases
how to prevent salmonella
wash produce, cook food to good temp, freezing may reduce but does not eliminate salmonella
What is typhoid fever and what causes it
A disease in which some specific types (serotypes) of Salmonella are responsible for by transfer between humans
define endotoxins and when are they released
- Toxins that are part of the bacterial cell and are released when it breaks apart.
- The bacteria release toxic substances that can harm the host’s body and trigger symptoms like fever, inflammation, and shock.
