Tutorial 16 - CKD

Question 1

What is CKD?

Answer 1

• Reduced kidney function for over 3 months.

Question 2

How does CKD present?

Answer 2

• Often in early stages it does not have any symptoms
• Later stage you can have fluid retention, shortness of breath and itchy skin and blood in urine which all indicate later stage CKD.

Question 3

How is CKD diagnosed

Answer 3

• Raised serum creatinine
• Low serum EGFR
• Persistent haematuria (first exclude a UTI).

Question 4

What are the risk factors for CKD?

Answer 4

• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Medication based - ACEI

Question 5

What are the possible complications of CKD?

Answer 5

• Renal anemia
• Renal mineral and bone disorder (No longer producing active form of vitamin D - cannot absorb calcium from gut - increase PTH and osteoclast activity).
• ESRD - needling dialysis/transplant

Question 6

How is CKD managed?

Answer 6

• Manage underlying co-morbidities well i.e., with statins etc.
• Healthy lifestyle
• Bisphosphonates (for bone demineralisation)
• Iron (anemia)