tutorial: Intro to animals

Question 1

process of growth from fertilization to the formation of a gastrula

Answer 1

1. sperm fertilizes the egg
2. egg becomes zygote (2n)
3. zygote undergoes mitosis (3 times) to form eight-celled stage
4. eight-celled stage and cleavage make blastula
5. blastula undergoes gastrulation to make gastrula

Question 2

what structures make up a gastrula

Answer 2

1. blastocoel
2. endoderm
3. ectoderm
4. archenteron
5. blastophore

Question 3

radial vs bilateral symmetry

Answer 3

radial
1. similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis
2. NO front, back, left or right

bilateral
1. anatomical parts are arranged on OPPOSITE sides of a median axis
2. ONLY ONE place can divide into two halves

Question 4

3 main tissue types important during embryonic development

Answer 4

1. ectoderm
2. endoderm
3. mesoderm

Question 5

ectoderm

Answer 5

outermost germ layer covering the surface of the embryo

Question 6

what does the ectoderm give rise to

Answer 6

1. outer cover of the animal
2. sometimes the CNS

Question 7

endoderm

Answer 7

innermost germ layer that lines the pouch forming during gastrulation (archenteron)

Question 8

endoderm gives rise to

Answer 8

1. lining of digestive tract/cavity
2. organs - liver and lungs

Question 9

mesoderm

Answer 9

fills the space between the ectoderm and endoderm

Question 10

mesoderm forms the

Answer 10

1. coelom

Question 11

diploblastic vs triploblastic

Answer 11

triploblastic
1. ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
2. ALL bilaterians are triploblastic

diploblastic
1. ectoderm and endoderm

Question 12

example of diploblastic

Answer 12

Cnidarians

Question 13

example of triploblastic

Answer 13

bilaterians

Question 14

3 types of coelomates

Answer 14

1. pseudocoelomates - body cavity is PARTIALLY lined with mesoderm
2. coelomate - body cavity is lined with mesoderm COMPLETELY
3. acoelomate - NO body cavity

Question 15

protosome development

Answer 15

1. cleavage = spiral and determinate
2. coelom forms from masses of mesoderm splitting
3. blastophore is the mouth

Question 16

deuterostome development

Answer 16

1. cleavage = radial and indeterminate
2. Coelom Formation: mesoderm buds from wall of archenteron.
3. Blastopore Fate: Forms Anus

Question 17

alimentary vs gastrovascular cavity

Answer 17

alimentary
1. one way digestive tract
2. two holes (mouth and anus)

gastrovascular cavaity
1. open hole (mouth and anus)
2, blind gut/coelenteron

Question 18

what will this embryo develop into with
SPIRAL CLEAVAGE at the eight-cell stage

Answer 18

earthworm (protostome)

Question 19

character shared by diverse animals from whales to coral

Answer 19

presence of Hox genes

Question 20

the incorrect pairing of germ layer with tissue/organ
1. ectoderm - outer covering
2. endoderm - internal digestive tract
3. mesoderm - nervous system
4. mesoderm - muscles
5. endoderm - liver and lungs

Answer 20

3 (mesoderm - nervous system)

Question 20

the incorrect pairing of germ layer with tissue/organ
1. ectoderm - outer covering
2. endoderm - internal digestive tract
3. mesoderm - nervous system
4. mesoderm - muscles
5. endoderm - liver and lungs

Answer 20

3 (mesoderm - nervous system)

Question 20

the incorrect pairing of germ layer with tissue/organ
1. ectoderm - outer covering
2. endoderm - internal digestive tract
3. mesoderm - nervous system
4. mesoderm - muscles
5. endoderm - liver and lungs

Answer 20

3 (mesoderm - nervous system)

Question 21

blastophore is evident in the

Answer 21

gastrula

Question 22

fungi and arthropods have in common

Answer 22

protective coat of both groups are made from chitin