Typical Development

Question 1

Perlocutionary Stage

Answer 1

• 0-8 months

* Social behaviors: smiling, laughing, cooing, fussing, crying

Question 2

Illocutionary Stage

Answer 2

• 8-12 months
• Intentional communication - gestures, pointing, eye contact, vocalization, imitating
• Proto-imperative: reaching or pointing to request
• Proto-declarative: showing or pointing to share/show
• 2.5 initiated communicative acts/minute

Question 3

Locutionary Stage

Answer 3

• 12-18 months
• First words
• rapid increase in vocal (15m - 3 words, 18m - 50-100 words)
• using imperative and declarative forms with words
• 3-5 speech acts/minute

Question 4

Communication Development 18-24m

Answer 4

• 300 words (+/- 150)
• telegraphic speech
• leave out small articles
• pragmatic development
• turn taking 1-2 topics per turn

Question 5

Comm. Devel Pre-K (24m)

Answer 5

• 300 words
• grammatical morphemes
• basic syntax
• 2-3 word sentences
• 50-70% intelligible

Question 6

Comm Devel 5 years

Answer 6

• 6000 words
• mastery of grammatical morphemes
• Few grammar errors
• 4-6 word sentences
• 100% intelligible

Question 7

Pre-K Pragmatics - Social Goals

Answer 7

• turn taking
• eye contact
• good dialogue

Question 8

Pre-K Pragmatics - Range of Functions

Answer 8

• pretending
• telling stories
• hypothesizing

Question 9

Pre-K Pragmatics - Oral Narratives

Answer 9

• have monologues and can tell stories
• increase in decontexualized talk (less here and now, more there and then)
• less support from adults
• longer turns
• polite forms
• indirect requests

Question 10

Adolescent Communication

Answer 10

• Complex syntax
• Advanced semantics
• Pragmatics - narration, persuasion, negotiation
• Sarcasm, slang, figurative language

Question 11

Joint Attention

Answer 11

• shared focus on an object

* emerges around 9 months and is well established by 18m

Question 12

Joint Reference

Answer 12

Child responds to another’s bid for joint attention or child initiates it

Question 13

Social Referencing

Answer 13

Child looks to adult to make sure they are watching

Question 14

Social Language birth - 6m

Answer 14

• responds to voice and sound
• Turns toward sounds
• watches speaker’s face
• stops crying when spoken to

Question 15

Social Language 6-12m

Answer 15

• responds to name
• coos and squeals for attention
• laughs when playing with objects
• copies simple actions of others

Question 16

Social Language 1-2 years

Answer 16

• waves bye-bye
• Follows simple directions
• pairs gestures with words to make wants known
• Repeats actions to make others laugh

Question 17

Social Language 2-3 years

Answer 17

• watches other children play and briefly joins
• fantasies, jokes, teasing
• conversational repairs
• conversations with self or dolls

Question 18

Social Language 3-4 years

Answer 18

• follows 2-step directions without cues
• takes turns and plays cooperatively
• Begins dramatic play
• expresses ideas and feelings

Question 19

Social Language 4-5 years

Answer 19

• follows 3-step directions without cues
• uses words to invite others to play
• Plays competitive exercise games
• speaks of imaginary conditions (“what if…”)

Question 20

Social Language 5-6 years

Answer 20

• uses threats and promises
• asks meanings of words
• chooses friends
• cooperative play - making group decisions, assigning roles